ScalingStacks

0P8M

Lemma 7.1.15. Let EE be a finite subset of XX and γ\gamma be a path in XX such that for all connected components II of [0,1]∖γ−1​(E)[0,1]\setminus\gamma^{-1}(E), the restriction of γ\gamma to I¯\bar{I} is nullhomotopic. Then γ\gamma is nullhomotopic.

0P8N

Proof. Given e∈Ee\in E, let UeU_{e} be a connected and simply connected open neighborhood of ee. Choose UeU_{e} small enough so that Ue∩Ue′=∅U_{e}\cap U_{e^{\prime}}=\emptyset for e≠e′e\neq e^{\prime}. Let U=⋃e∈EUeU=\bigcup_{e\in E}U_{e}. Let VV be an open subset of X∖EX\setminus E containing X∖UX\setminus U.

Let CC be the set of connected components II of [0,1]∖γ−1​(E)[0,1]\setminus\gamma^{-1}(E) such that I¯\bar{I} is not contained in γ−1​(U)\gamma^{-1}(U) nor in γ−1​(V)\gamma^{-1}(V). By Lebesgue’s number Lemma, that set is finite. Since the restriction of γ\gamma to I¯\bar{I} is nullhomotopic for I∈CI\in C, it follows that γ\gamma is homotopic to a path γ′\gamma^{\prime} that is constant on I¯\bar{I} for I∈CI\in C and that coincides with γ\gamma on [0,1]−⋃I∈CI[0,1]-\bigcup_{I\in C}I. Let I′I^{\prime} be a connected component of [0,1]∖γ−1​(E)[0,1]\setminus\gamma^{-1}(E) with I′∉CI^{\prime}{\not\in}C. We have I¯∩γ−1​(E)≠∅\bar{I}\cap\gamma^{-1}(E)\neq\emptyset, hence I¯⊂γ−1​(U)\bar{I}\subset\gamma^{-1}(U). We deduce that γ′​([0,1])⊂U\gamma^{\prime}([0,1])\subset U, hence γ′\gamma^{\prime} is nullhomotopic. ∎

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source collection and HTML conversion remain in progress.

Andrew Manion, Raphael Rouquier

Original source: arXiv:2009.09627v2