ScalingStacks

4.1. Monoidal category

4.1.1. Definition

Let 𝒰{\mathcal{U}} be the differential strict monoidal category generated by an object ee and a map Ο„:e2β†’e2\tau:e^{2}\to e^{2} subject to the relations

(4.1.1) d⁑(Ο„)=1,Ο„2=0​ and ​eβ€‹Ο„βˆ˜Ο„β€‹e∘e​τ=τ​e∘eβ€‹Ο„βˆ˜Ο„β€‹e.d(\tau)=1,\ \tau^{2}=0\text{ and }e\tau\circ\tau e\circ e\tau=\tau e\circ e\tau\circ\tau e.

There are isomorphisms of differential monoidal categories opp:π’°β†’βˆΌπ’°opp{\operatorname{opp}\nolimits}:{\mathcal{U}}\mathrel{\mathop{\kern 0.0pt\to}\limits^{\sim}}{\mathcal{U}}^{\operatorname{opp}\nolimits} and rev:π’°β†’βˆΌπ’°rev\mathrm{rev}:{\mathcal{U}}\mathrel{\mathop{\kern 0.0pt\to}\limits^{\sim}}{\mathcal{U}}^{\mathrm{rev}} given on generators by e↦ee\mapsto e and τ↦τ\tau\mapsto\tau.

The following result is clear.

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Proposition 4.1.1. The objects of the category 𝒰{\mathcal{U}} are the ene^{n}, nβ‰₯0n\geq 0. We have Hom⁑(en,em)=0\operatorname{Hom}\nolimits(e^{n},e^{m})=0 if nβ‰ mn\neq m and there is an isomorphism of differential algebras

Hnβ†’βˆΌEnd⁑(en),Ti↦eiβˆ’1​τ​enβˆ’iβˆ’1.H_{n}\xrightarrow{\sim}\operatorname{End}\nolimits(e^{n}),\ T_{i}\mapsto e^{i-1}\tau e^{n-i-1}.

There is a commutative diagram

HmβŠ—Hn\textstyle{H_{m}\otimes H_{n}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}TiβŠ—Tj↦Ti​Tm+j\scriptstyle{T_{i}\otimes T_{j}\mapsto T_{i}T_{m+j}}can\scriptstyle{{\mathrm{can}}}∼\scriptstyle{\sim}Hm+n\textstyle{H_{m+n}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}∼\scriptstyle{\sim}can\scriptstyle{{\mathrm{can}}}End⁑(Em)βŠ—End⁑(En)\textstyle{\operatorname{End}\nolimits(E^{m})\otimes\operatorname{End}\nolimits(E^{n})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}βŠ—\scriptstyle{\otimes}End⁑(Em+n)\textstyle{\operatorname{End}\nolimits(E^{m+n})}

The isomorphism opp:π’°β†’βˆΌπ’°opp{\operatorname{opp}\nolimits}:{\mathcal{U}}\mathrel{\mathop{\kern 0.0pt\to}\limits^{\sim}}{\mathcal{U}}^{\operatorname{opp}\nolimits} gives rise to the isomorphism of differential algebras

opp:Hnβ†’βˆΌHnopp,Ti↦Ti.{\operatorname{opp}\nolimits}:H_{n}\xrightarrow{\sim}H_{n}^{\operatorname{opp}\nolimits},\ T_{i}\mapsto T_{i}.

The isomorphism rev:π’°β†’βˆΌπ’°rev\mathrm{rev}:{\mathcal{U}}\mathrel{\mathop{\kern 0.0pt\to}\limits^{\sim}}{\mathcal{U}}^{\mathrm{rev}} gives rise to the isomorphism of differential algebras

ΞΉn:Hnβ†’βˆΌHn,Ti↦Tnβˆ’i.\iota_{n}:H_{n}\xrightarrow{\sim}H_{n},\ T_{i}\mapsto T_{n-i}.

The functor βˆ’βŠ—En-\otimes E^{n} induces an injective morphism of differential algebras Hr=End⁑(Er)β†’Hr+n=End⁑(Er+n),Ti↦TiH_{r}=\operatorname{End}\nolimits(E^{r})\to H_{r+n}=\operatorname{End}\nolimits(E^{r+n}),\ T_{i}\mapsto T_{i} and we will identify HrH_{r} with a subalgebra of Hr+nH_{r+n} via this morphism.

The functor EnβŠ—βˆ’E^{n}\otimes- induces a morphism of differential algebras

fn:Hr=End⁑(Er)β†’Hn+r=End⁑(En+r),Ti↦Tn+i.f_{n}:H_{r}=\operatorname{End}\nolimits(E^{r})\to H_{n+r}=\operatorname{End}\nolimits(E^{n+r}),\ T_{i}\mapsto T_{n+i}.

Note that HnH_{n} commutes with fn​(Hr)f_{n}(H_{r}) and that fn=ΞΉn+r∘ιrf_{n}=\iota_{n+r}\circ\iota_{r}.

4.1.2. 22-representations

Let 𝒱{\mathcal{V}} be a differential category.

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Definition 4.1.2. A 22-representation on 𝒱{\mathcal{V}} is the data of a strict monoidal differential functor 𝒰→End⁑(𝒱){\mathcal{U}}\to\operatorname{End}\nolimits({\mathcal{V}}).

The data of a 22-representation on 𝒱{\mathcal{V}} is the same as the data of a differential endofunctor EE of 𝒱{\mathcal{V}} and of Ο„=Ο„E∈End⁑(E2)\tau=\tau_{E}\in\operatorname{End}\nolimits(E^{2}) satisfying (4.1.1).

Note that a 22-representation on 𝒱{\mathcal{V}} extends to a 22-representation on 𝒱¯\bar{{\mathcal{V}}} and on 𝒱i{\mathcal{V}}^{i} (uniquely up to an equivalence unique up to isomorphism).

A morphism of 22-representations (𝒱,E,Ο„)β†’(𝒱′,Eβ€²,Ο„)({\mathcal{V}},E,\tau)\to({\mathcal{V}}^{\prime},E^{\prime},\tau) is the data of a differential functor Ξ¦:𝒱→𝒱′\Phi:{\mathcal{V}}\to{\mathcal{V}}^{\prime} and of an isomorphism of functors Ο†:Φ​Eβ†’βˆΌE′​Φ\varphi:\Phi E\mathrel{\mathop{\kern 0.0pt\to}\limits^{\sim}}E^{\prime}\Phi (with d⁑(Ο†)=0d(\varphi)=0) such that Ο„β€²β€‹Ξ¦βˆ˜Eβ€²β€‹Ο†βˆ˜Ο†β€‹E=Eβ€²β€‹Ο†βˆ˜Ο†β€‹Eβˆ˜Ξ¦β€‹Ο„:Φ​E2β†’Eβ€²2​Φ\tau^{\prime}\Phi\circ E^{\prime}\varphi\circ\varphi E=E^{\prime}\varphi\circ\varphi E\circ\Phi\tau:\Phi E^{2}\to E^{\prime 2}\Phi.

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Example 4.1.3. Let 𝒱=kβ€‹βˆ’diff{\mathcal{V}}=k\operatorname{\!-diff}\nolimits and E=Ο„=0E=\tau=0. This is the β€œtrivial” 22-representation.

Let 𝒱{\mathcal{V}} be a 22-representation. The opposite 22-representation is (π’±β€‹βˆ’diff,Eβ€²,Ο„β€²)({\mathcal{V}}\operatorname{\!-diff}\nolimits,E^{\prime},\tau^{\prime}), where E′​(ΞΆ)=΢​EE^{\prime}(\zeta)=\zeta E and τ′​(ΞΆ)=ΞΆβ€‹Ο„βˆˆEnd⁑(Eβ€²2​(ΞΆ))\tau^{\prime}(\zeta)=\zeta\tau\in\operatorname{End}\nolimits(E^{\prime 2}(\zeta)) for ΞΆβˆˆπ’±β€‹βˆ’diff\zeta\in{\mathcal{V}}\operatorname{\!-diff}\nolimits. Note that the canonical functor 𝒱→(π’±β€‹βˆ’diff)β€‹βˆ’diff,v↦(΢↦΢⁑(v)){\mathcal{V}}\to({\mathcal{V}}\operatorname{\!-diff}\nolimits)\operatorname{\!-diff}\nolimits,\ v\mapsto(\zeta\mapsto\zeta(v)) is a fully faithful morphism of 22-representations.

Assume EE has a left adjoint E∨E^{\vee}. We still denote by Ο„\tau the endomorphism of (E∨)2(E^{\vee})^{2} corresponding to Ο„\tau (cf Β§2.1.1). The pair (E∨,Ο„)(E^{\vee},\tau) defines the left dual 22-representation of (E,Ο„)(E,\tau). Similarly, if EE has a right adjoint ∨E{{}^{\vee}E}, we obtain a right dual 22-representation (E∨,Ο„)({{}^{\vee}E},\tau) of (E,Ο„)(E,\tau).

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Remark 4.1.4. One can also consider a lax 22-representation on 𝒱{\mathcal{V}}: this is the data of a lax monoidal differential functor 𝒰→End⁑(𝒱){\mathcal{U}}\to\operatorname{End}\nolimits({\mathcal{V}}).

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Remark 4.1.5. The category 𝒰{\mathcal{U}} has a structure of differential graded monoidal category with Ο„\tau in degree βˆ’1-1 and one can consider (lax) 22-representations on differential graded categories.

4.1.3. Pointed case

We denote by π’°βˆ™{\mathcal{U}}^{\bullet} the strict monoidal differential pointed category generated by an object ee and a map Ο„βˆˆEnd⁑(e2)\tau\in\operatorname{End}\nolimits(e^{2}) subject to the relations (4.1.1). Its objects are the ene^{n}, nβ‰₯0n\geq 0, Hom⁑(en,em)=0\operatorname{Hom}\nolimits(e^{n},e^{m})=0 for mβ‰ nm\neq n and End⁑(en)=Hnβˆ™\operatorname{End}\nolimits(e^{n})=H_{n}^{\bullet}.

Let 𝒱{\mathcal{V}} be a differential pointed category.

A 22-representation on 𝒱{\mathcal{V}} is the data of a strict monoidal differential pointed functor π’°βˆ™β†’End⁑(𝒱){\mathcal{U}}^{\bullet}\to\operatorname{End}\nolimits({\mathcal{V}}). This is equivalent to the data of an endofunctor EE of the differential pointed category 𝒱{\mathcal{V}} and Ο„βˆˆEnd⁑(E2)\tau\in\operatorname{End}\nolimits(E^{2}) such that (E,Ο„)(E,\tau) induce a 22-representation on k⁑[𝒱]k[{\mathcal{V}}].

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source collection and HTML conversion remain in progress.

Andrew Manion, Raphael Rouquier

Original source: arXiv:2009.09627v2