ScalingStacks

8.3 From prebraidings to braidings[00HC]

Our proof will proceed by successively simplifying the space of prebraidings and braidings on \({\mathbf K}^b_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathcal C)\). This subsection contains the operadic heart of our proof, captured by four corollaries of results in section 7.

[00HD]

Definition 8.3.1.

Given a map of spaces \(f \colon A \rightarrow B\), we let \(\mathrm{Im}(f) \subseteq B\) denote the full image of \(f\), i.e. the subspace of \(B\) given by the union of those connected components of \(B\) in the image of \(\pi_0 f\).

In other words, \(A \rightarrow\mathrm{Im}(f) \hookrightarrow B\) is the factorization of \(f\) with respect to the (\((-1)\)-connected, \((-1)\)-truncated)-factorization system on spaces.

[00HE]

Observation 8.3.2.

Recall the (\(0\)-surjective, \(0\)-faithful) factorization system on the \(\infty\)-category \(\mathrm{Op}\) from definition 7.5.1 and proposition 7.5.3.

  1. Given a map of operads \(\mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\mathcal O\), corepresenting an \(\mathbb E_1\)-algebra \(A\) in \(\mathcal O\), we write \(\mathcal O|_{\mathbb E_1}\) for the factorization \(\mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\mathcal O|_{ \mathbb E_1} \rightarrow\mathcal O\) into a \(0\)-surjective followed by a \(0\)-faithful map of operads.

    Explicitly, \(\mathcal O|_{\mathbb E_1}\) has one color \(A\) and the only non-empty multi-hom spaces are given by the full images \[\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O|_{\mathbb E_1}}(A, \ldots, A; A) = \mathrm{Im}\left( S_n \rightarrow\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O}(A, \ldots, A; A) \right)\] of the map \(\mathbb E_1(n) = S_n \rightarrow\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O}(A, \ldots, A ; A)\) induced by the \(\mathbb E_1\)-structure on \(A\).

    (In other words, \(\mathrm{Im}\left( S_n \rightarrow\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O}(A, \ldots, A; A) \right)\) is precisely the union of those components of \(\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O}(A, \ldots, A ; A)\) which contain the orbit of the \(n\)-ary multiplication of \(A\) under the \(S_n\)-action permuting its inputs.)

  2. Given a map of operads \([1] \otimes \mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\mathcal O\), corepresenting a morphism \(f \colon A \rightarrow B\) of \(\mathbb E_1\)-algebras in \(\mathcal O\), we write \(\mathcal O|_{[1]\otimes \mathbb E_1}\) for the factorization \([1] \otimes \mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\mathcal O|_{[1] \otimes \mathbb E_1} \rightarrow\mathcal O\) into a \(0\)-surjective followed by a \(0\)-faithful map of operads.

    Explicitly, \(\mathcal O|_{[1]\otimes \mathbb E_1}\) has (at most) two colors \(A, B\) and multi-hom spaces connecting them, one of them being \[\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O|_{[1] \otimes \mathbb E_1}}(A, \ldots, A; B) = \mathrm{Im}\left(S_n \rightarrow\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O}(A, \ldots, A; B)\right),\]where the map from \(S_n = \mathbb E_1(n)\) is induced by the \(\mathbb E_1\)-structures on \(f\). (In other words, \(\mathrm{Im}\left( S_n \rightarrow\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O}(A, \ldots, A; B) \right)\) is the union of those components of \(\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O}(A, \ldots, A ; B)\) which contain the orbit of \(f \circ \mu_A \simeq \mu_B \circ f\) under the \(S_n\)-action permuting its inputs.)

  3. Given a map of operads \([2] \otimes \mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\mathcal O\), corepresenting a composable pair of \(\mathbb E_1\)-algebra morphisms \(A \rightarrow B \rightarrow C\), we can similarly consider \(\mathcal O|_{[2] \otimes \mathbb E_1}\), which has (at most) three objects \(A, B, C\), and multi-hom spaces connecting them, such as \[\begin{aligned} \mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O|_{[2] \otimes \mathbb E_1}}(A, \ldots, A; B)& = \mathrm{Im}\left(S_n \rightarrow\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O}(A, \ldots, A; B)\right)\\ \mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O|_{[2] \otimes \mathbb E_1}}(B, \ldots, B; C) &= \mathrm{Im}\left(S_n \rightarrow\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O}(B, \ldots, B; C)\right), \end{aligned}\] where the maps from \(S_n = \mathbb E_1(n)\) are induced by the \(\mathbb E_1\)-structure on \(f\) and \(g\), respectively.

Throughout we will repeatedly use the following simple observation, applied to the \(\infty\)-category \(\mathcal V= \mathrm{Op}\) with its (\(0\)-surjective, \(0\)-faithful) factorization system.

[00HF]

Lemma 8.3.3.

In an \(\infty\)-category \(\mathcal V\) with a factorization system \((\mathcal L, \mathcal R)\), consider a commuting square Original paper diagram and a further morphism \(Q\rightarrow A\) in \(\mathcal L\) so that also the composite \(Q\rightarrow C\) is in \(\mathcal L\). Let \(Q\rightarrow B|_{Q} \rightarrow B\) and \(Q \rightarrow D|_Q \rightarrow D\) denote the factorizations of the induced morphisms from \(Q\). Then, the map between spaces of (dashed) lifts Original paper diagram is an equivalence. 39

[00HG]

Proof.

Let \(\mathcal V_{Q/^{\mathcal L}}\) denote the full subcategory of \(\mathcal V_{Q/}\) on the morphisms \(Q\rightarrow X\) which are in \(\mathcal L\). The factorization system induces a right adjoint of the inclusion \(\mathcal V_{Q/^{\mathcal L}} \hookrightarrow \mathcal V_{Q/}\) which sends \(Q\rightarrow X\) to its factorization \(Q\rightarrow X|_Q\). The statement then follows immediately from adjunction. ◻

The fact that braidings and prebraidings agree on ordinary \(1\)-categories, see example 8.1.2, generalizes to the following observation:

[00HH]

Corollary 8.3.4.

Let \(\mathcal O\) be an \(\infty\)-operad, \(A\) an \(\mathbb E_1\)-algebra in \(\mathcal O\), and assume that the spaces \[\mathrm{Im}\left( S_n \rightarrow\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O}(\underbrace{A, \ldots, A}_{n}; A) \right)\] are \(1\)-truncated (i.e. \(1\)-groupoids) for all \(n\geq 0\), where the map from \(S_n = \mathbb E_1(n)\) is induced by the \(\mathbb E_1\)-structure on \(A\). Then, the map of spaces \[\mathrm{Braid}_{\mathcal O}(A) \rightarrow\mathrm{PreBraid}_{\mathcal O}(A)\] is an equivalence.

[00HI]

Proof.

Fix a prebraiding on \(A\), represented by a lift of the map of \(\infty\)-operads \(\mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\mathcal O\) representing \(A\), to a map of \(\infty\)-operads \(\mathbb A_2 \otimes \mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\mathcal O\). The fiber of \(\mathrm{Braid}_{\mathcal O}(A) \rightarrow\mathrm{PreBraid}_{\mathcal O}(A)\) at this prebraiding is precisely the space of further lifts Original paper diagram The operad map \(\mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\mathbb A_2 \otimes \mathbb E_1\) is \(0\)-surjective by proposition 7.6.1, and the composite \(\mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\mathbb A_2 \otimes \mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\mathbb E_2\) is \(0\)-surjective since all mapping spaces of \(\mathbb E_2\) are connected and all mapping spaces of \(\mathbb E_1\) are non-empty. Hence, it follows from lemma 8.3.3 applied to the \(\infty\)-category \(\mathrm{Op}\) (with its (\(0\)-surjective, \(0\)-faithful) factorization system) that this space of lifts is equivalent to the space of lifts Original paper diagram Since all multi-hom spaces of \(\mathcal O|_{\mathbb E_1}\) are by assumption \(1\)-truncated, and hence \(\mathcal O|_{\mathbb E_1}\) is a \(2\)-operad (see definition 7.7.1), it follows from corollary 7.7.8 that this space of lifts is contractible. ◻

[00HJ]

Corollary 8.3.5.

Let \(F \colon \mathcal O\rightarrow\mathcal P\) be a map of \(\infty\)-operads and let \(g \colon b \rightarrow c\) be a morphism of \(\mathbb E_1\)-algebras in \(\mathcal O\). Assume that for all \(n \geq 0\) the map of spaces \[\mathrm{Im}\left(S_n \rightarrow\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O}(\underbrace{b, \ldots, b}_{n}; c) \right) \xrightarrow{F(-)} \mathrm{Im}\left(S_n \rightarrow\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal P}(\underbrace{F(b), \ldots, F(b)}_{n} ; F(c)) \right)\] is an equivalence, where the maps from \(S_n\) are induced by the \(\mathbb E_1\)-structure on \(g\) and \(F(g)\). Then, the map of spaces \[\mathrm{PreBraid}_{\mathcal O}(g) \rightarrow\mathrm{PreBraid}_{\mathcal P}(F(g))\] is an equivalence.

[00HK]

Proof.

Consider the map of operads \([1] \otimes \mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\mathcal O\) representing the \(\mathbb E_1\)-algebra map \(f \colon A \rightarrow B\). The fiber of \(\mathrm{PreBraid}_{\mathcal O}(f) \rightarrow\mathrm{PreBraid}_{\mathcal P}(F(f))\) at a prebraiding represented by an operad map \(\mathbb T_2 \otimes \mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\mathcal P\) is precisely the space of (dashed) lifts of the following commuting square of operads: Original paper diagram Since \([1] \otimes \mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\mathbb T_2 \otimes \mathbb E_1\) is \(0\)-surjective, it follows from lemma 8.3.3 that this space of lifts is equivalent to the space of lifts Original paper diagram Hence, replacing \(\mathcal O\) by \(\mathcal O|_{[1] \otimes \mathbb E_1}\) and \(\mathcal P\) by \(\mathcal P|_{[1] \otimes \mathbb E_1}\) with multimapping spaces as in observation 8.3.2, we may without loss of generality assume that the maps \[\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O}(a, \ldots, a; b) \rightarrow\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal P}(Fa, \ldots, Fa; Fb)\] are equivalences. It then follows from proposition 7.8.2.([00GH]) that the maps \[\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathrm{Alg}_{\mathbb E_1}(\mathcal O)}(a, \ldots, a; b) \rightarrow\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathrm{Alg}_{\mathbb E_1}(\mathcal P)}(Fa, \ldots, Fa; Fb)\] are equivalences. Hence, \[\begin{aligned} \mathrm{PreBraid}_{\mathcal O}(g) = &\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathrm{Alg}_{\mathbb E_1}(\mathcal O)}(a,a; b) \times_{\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathrm{Alg}_{\mathbb E_1}(\mathcal O)}(a, b)^{2}} \{g\} \\ &\longrightarrow \mathrm{Mul}_{\mathrm{Alg}_{\mathbb E_1}(\mathcal P)}(Fa,Fa; Fb) \times_{\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathrm{Alg}_{\mathbb E_1}(\mathcal P)}(Fa, Fb)^{2}} \{Fg\} = \mathrm{PreBraid}_{\mathcal O}(Fg) \end{aligned}\] is an equivalence. ◻

[00HL]

Corollary 8.3.6.

Let \(\mathcal O\) be an \(\infty\)-operad and let \[a \xrightarrow{f} b \xrightarrow{g} c\] be morphisms of \(\mathbb E_1\)-algebras in \(\mathcal O\). Assume that for all \(n\geq 0\), the map of spaces \[\mathrm{Im}\left( S_n \rightarrow\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O}(\underbrace{b, \ldots, b}_{n} ; c) \right) \xrightarrow{-\circ (f, \ldots, f)} \mathrm{Im}\left( S_n \rightarrow\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O}(\underbrace{a, \ldots, a}_{n}; c) \right)\] are equivalences, where the maps from \(S_n\) are induced by the \(\mathbb E_1\)-structures on \(g\) and on \(g \circ f\). Then, the map of spaces \[\mathrm{PreBraid}_{\mathcal O}(g) \rightarrow\mathrm{PreBraid}_{\mathcal O}(g \circ f)\] is an equivalence.

[00HM]

Proof.

The pair of composable morphisms of \(\mathbb E_1\)-algebras \(\{f,g\}\) may be corepresented by an operad map \([2] \otimes \mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\mathcal O\). Recall the operad maps \([2] \otimes \mathbb E_0 \rightarrow\mathbb T_2 \sqcup_{\{0<2\}} [2] \rightarrow\mathbb T_2 \sqcup_{\{1<2\}}\) from observation 7.2.10 corepresenting a pair of composable \(\mathbb E_0\)-morphisms with a \(\mathbb T_2\)-structure on \(g\) and on \(g\circ f\), respectively, and the construction of a \(\mathbb T_2\)-structure on \(g\) from a \(\mathbb T_2\)-structure on \(g\circ f\).

Fix a prebraiding on \(g\circ f\), corepresented by a lift of the operad map \([2] \otimes \mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\mathcal O\) to an operad map \(\mathbb T_2 \sqcup_{\{0<2\}}[2] \otimes \mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\mathcal O\). The fiber of \(\mathrm{PreBraid}_{\mathcal O}(g) \rightarrow\mathrm{PreBraid}_{\mathcal O}(g\circ f)\) is given by the space of lifts Original paper diagram We now claim that both operad maps \[ [2] \otimes \mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\left(\mathbb T_2 \sqcup_{\{0<2\}}{[2]} \right) \otimes \mathbb E_1 \qquad [2] \otimes \mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\left( \mathbb T_2 \sqcup_{\{1<2\}}{[2]} \right) \otimes \mathbb E_1\] are \(0\)-surjective. Indeed, this follows since \([1] \otimes \mathbb E_1 \rightarrow\mathbb T_2 \otimes \mathbb E_1\) is \(0\)-surjective by proposition 7.6.1 and since both operad maps ([00HN]) are by definition given by a pushout of this \(0\)-surjective operad map against the operad maps \([1] \otimes \mathbb E_1 \rightarrow[2] \otimes \mathbb E_1\) induced by the inclusions \(\{0<2\} \rightarrow[2]\) and \(\{1<2\} \rightarrow[2]\), respectively (see observation 7.2.10).

Hence, it follows from lemma 8.3.3 applied to the \(\infty\)-category \(\mathrm{Op}\) that our space of lifts is equivalent to the space of lifts Original paper diagram Therefore, without loss of generality, we may replace \(\mathcal O\) by \(\mathcal O|_{[2] \otimes \mathbb E_1}\) and hence with observation 8.3.2, we may assume that \[\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O}(b, \ldots, b; c) \rightarrow\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathcal O}(a, \ldots, a; c)\] are equivalences. It therefore follows from proposition 7.8.2.([00GI]) that \[\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathrm{Alg}_{\mathbb E_1}(\mathcal O)}(b, \ldots, b; c) \rightarrow\mathrm{Mul}_{\mathrm{Alg}_{\mathbb E_1}{\mathcal O}}(a, \ldots, a; c)\] are equivalences, and hence as in the proof of corollary 8.3.5 that \[\mathrm{PreBraid}_{\mathcal O}(g) \rightarrow\mathrm{PreBraid}_{\mathcal O}(g\circ f)\] are equivalences. ◻

Lastly, we record the following special case of lemma 7.2.9 that prebraidings transport along adjunctions:

[00HP]

Corollary 8.3.7.

Consider an adjunction between symmetric monoidal \(\infty\)-categories with (strongly) symmetric monoidal left adjoint \(L\) Original paper diagram and denote the induced adjunction between \(\infty\)-categories of \(\mathbb E_1\)-algebras by Original paper diagram Then, for any morphism of \(\mathbb E_1\)-algebras \(f \colon L_{\mathbb E_1} a \rightarrow b\) in \(\mathcal W\), the induced map of spaces \[\mathrm{PreBraid}_{\mathcal W}(f) \rightarrow\mathrm{PreBraid}_{\mathcal V}(R_{\mathbb E_1}f) \rightarrow\mathrm{PreBraid}_{\mathcal V}( R_{\mathbb E_1}f \circ \eta_a)\] (constructed as in lemma 7.2.9) is an equivalence, where \(\eta\) denotes the unit of the adjunction.

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source collection and HTML conversion remain in progress.

Yu Leon Liu, Aaron Mazel-Gee, David Reutter, Catharina Stroppel, Paul Wedrich

Original source: arXiv:2401.02956v2

Original source · 2401.02956v2