ScalingStacks

3.6 Derived \(\infty\)-categories of graded modules[006F]

Many of the constructions of section 2 center around discrete (i.e. ordinary) graded \(k\)-algebras, and derived graded bimodules between them. In this section, we therefore focus on the case where \(\mathbb{K}\) is a discrete commutative ring \(k\) and \(\mathcal Z\) is a discrete commutative monoid \(Z\) and unpack our constructions in terms of homological algebra, generalizing Examples 3.5.3, 3.5.5 and 3.5.15.

3.6.1 Derived \(\infty\)-categories[006G]

We quickly review the basics of the theory of derived \(\infty\)-categories; we refer the reader to  [Lur17, § 1.3] for more details.

Given an abelian \(1\)-category \(\mathcal A\), its (unbounded) derived \(\infty\)-category \(\mathcal D(\mathcal A)\) is the \(\infty\)-categorical localization of the \(\infty\)-category of unbounded chain complexes in \(\mathcal A\) (constructed as the dg nerve [Lur17, § 1.3.1] of the corresponding differential graded category) at the quasi-isomorphisms. In particular, the homotopy 1-category \(h_1\mathcal D(\mathcal A)\) agrees with the ordinary derived 1-category of \(\mathcal A\) in the usual sense.

Let \(\mathcal D(\mathcal A)_{\geq 0}\) denote the full subcategory of \(\mathcal D(\mathcal A)\) on the chain complexes with vanishing homology in negative degrees. When \(\mathcal A\) is particularly well-behaved, the \(\infty\)-categories \(\mathcal D(\mathcal A)_{\geq 0}\) and \(\mathcal D(\mathcal A)\) can be expressed in terms of completions (of the type introduced throughout section 3), as we discuss now.

Recall the following classical analogues of definition 3.2.1:

[006H]

Definition 3.6.1.

Let \(c\) be an object in an ordinary \(1\)-category \(\mathcal C\) with small colimits. Then, \(c\) is called

  1. compact, if \(\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathcal C}(c, -) \colon \mathcal C\rightarrow\mathrm{Set}\) preserves filtered colimits;

  2. \(1\)-projective, if \(\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathcal C}(c,-) \colon \mathcal C\rightarrow\mathrm{Set}\) preserves geometric realizations (equivalently, reflective coequalizers);

  3. compact \(1\)-projective if \(\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathcal C}(c,-) \colon \mathcal C\rightarrow\mathrm{Set}\) preserves sifted colimits, or equivalently if \(c\) is compact and \(1\)-projective.

We say that \(\mathcal C\) is compactly generated (resp. \(1\)-projectively generated) if there is a small set of compact (resp. compact 1-projective) objects which generate \(\mathcal C\) under small colimits. We denote the full subcategory of compact, resp. compact \(1\)-projective, objects in \(\mathcal C\) by \(\mathcal C^{\mathrm{c}}\), resp. \(\mathcal C^{\mathrm{c}1\mathrm{p}}\).

[006I]

Example 3.6.2.

If \(\mathcal A\) is an abelian \(1\)-category, an object \(c \in \mathcal A\) is \(1\)-projective if and only if it is projective in the usual sense.

[006J]

Example 3.6.3.

A presentable abelian category \(\mathcal A\) is \(1\)-projectively generated if it is compactly generated and if the full subcategory of compact objects \(\mathcal A^{\mathrm{c}}\) has enough projective objects, i.e. if for every compact object \(a\in \mathcal A\) there exists a compact \(1\)-projective object \(p\) and an epimorphism \(p \twoheadrightarrow a\). In particular, this implies that also \(\mathcal A\) has enough projective objects, i.e. that for every object \(a\in \mathcal A\) there exists a \(1\)-projective \(p\) and an epimorphism \(p \twoheadrightarrow a\).

For example, the abelian category \(\mathrm{mod}_k\) is a \(1\)-projectively generated presentable \(1\)-category with \(\mathrm{mod}_k^{\mathrm{c}}\) the full subcategory of finitely generated modules and \(\mathrm{mod}_k^{\mathrm{c}1\mathrm{p}}\) the full subcategory of finitely generated projective \(k\)-modules.

[006K]

Remark 3.6.4.

Because \(\mathrm{Set}\rightarrow\mathcal S\) preserves filtered colimits, an object in an ordinary \(1\)-category \(\mathcal C\) is compact in the sense of definition 3.6.1 if and only if it is compact in the sense of § 3.2 when \(\mathcal C\) is considered as an \(\infty\)-category.

[006L]

Warning 3.6.5.

remark 3.6.4 not true projectivity: The condition for an object \(c\in \mathcal C\) to be \(1\)-projective (i.e. \(\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathcal C}(c,-)\colon \mathcal C\rightarrow\mathrm{Set}\) preserving geometric realizations) is different to the condition for it to be projective (i.e. \(\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathcal C}(c,-)\colon \mathcal C\rightarrow\mathrm{Set} \rightarrow\mathcal S\) preserving geometric realizations), simply because the inclusion \(\mathrm{Set} \hookrightarrow \mathcal S\) does not preserve geometric realizations. This difference is at the heart of the process of animation [CS24, § 5.1.4], which takes an ordinary cocomplete category \(\mathcal C\) to \(\mathcal P^{\Sigma}(\mathcal C^{\mathrm{c}1\mathrm{p}})\), i.e. freely making the compact 1-projective objects into compact-projective objects.

The following statements are well-known and can be gathered from various parts of [Lur17, § 1.3]:

[006M]

Proposition 3.6.6.

Let \(\mathcal A\) be a \(1\)-projectively generated presentable abelian \(1\)-category.

  1. The additive presentable \(\infty\)-category \(\mathcal D(\mathcal A)_{\geq 0}\) is equivalent to \(\mathcal P^{\Sigma}(\mathcal A^{\mathrm{c}1\mathrm{p}})\).

  2. The stable presentable \(\infty\)-category \(\mathcal D(\mathcal A)\) is equivalent to its stabilization \[\mathcal P^{\Sigma}(\mathcal A^{\mathrm{c}1\mathrm{p}}) \otimes \mathrm{Sp}\simeq \operatorname{Ind}{\mathbf K}^b(\mathcal A^{\mathrm{c}1\mathrm{p}}).\]

[006Q]

Proof.

For the first statement, note that \(\mathcal A\) has enough projective objects (see example 3.6.3) and let \(\mathcal D_-(\mathcal A)\) be the dg-nerve of the differential graded category of bounded-below chain complexes of \(1\)-projective objects (i.e. projective objects in the standard abelian sense). Let \(\mathcal D_{-}(\mathcal A)_{\geq 0}\) be the full subcategory on the chain complexes with vanishing homology in negative degrees. Entirely analogous14 to the proof of [Lur17, Prop. 1.3.3.14], the Dold-Kan correspondence shows that \(\mathcal D_{-}(\mathcal A)_{\geq 0} \simeq \mathcal P^{\Sigma}(\mathcal A^{\mathrm{c}1\mathrm{p}})\). Since any \(1\)-projectively generated presentable abelian \(1\)-category is Grothendieck abelian  [Lur17, Def. 1.3.5.1], it follows from [Lur17, Prop. 1.3.5.24, Def. 1.3.5.8, Prop. 1.3.5.13] that there is a fully faithful embedding \(\mathcal D_{-}(\mathcal A) \rightarrow\mathcal D(\mathcal A)\) with image the chain complexes with bounded-below homology. In particular, this embedding identifies \(\mathcal D_{-}(\mathcal A)_{\geq 0}\) with \(\mathcal D(\mathcal A)_{\geq 0}\).

For the second statement, since the \(t\)-structure \((\mathcal D(\mathcal A)_{\leq 0}, \mathcal D(\mathcal A)_{\geq 0})\) on \(\mathcal D(\mathcal A)\) is right-complete [Lur17, Prop. 1.3.5.21], it follows that \(\mathcal D(\mathcal A)\) is the stabilization of \(\mathcal D(\mathcal A)_{\geq 0}\); since \(\mathcal D(\mathcal A)_{\geq 0} = \mathcal P^{\Sigma}(\mathcal A^{\mathrm{c}1\mathrm{p}})\) is presentable this stabilization is given by tensoring with \(\mathrm{Sp}\) by [Lur17, Ex. 4.8.1.23]. The equivalence \(\mathcal P^{\Sigma}(\mathcal A^{\mathrm{c}1\mathrm{p}}) \otimes \mathrm{Sp}\simeq \operatorname{Ind}{\mathbf K}^b(\mathcal A^{\mathrm{c}1\mathrm{p}})\) follows then from the definition of \((-)^{\mathrm{fin}}\) in proposition 3.4.5 and its equivalence with \({\mathbf K}^b\) from corollary 3.4.10. ◻

3.6.2 Derived \(\infty\)-categories of graded modules[006R]

We return to the main goal of this subsection to give a homological perspective on the constructions of the last sections. Let \(\mathbb{K}\) be a discrete commutative ring \(k\) and \(\mathcal Z\) a discrete commutative monoid \(Z\). Recall the notation \(\mathrm{mod}_{k}^Z\) for the ordinary category of \(Z\)-graded \(k\)-modules. Throughout this subsection, we also fix an ordinary (not necessarily commutative) \(Z\)-graded \(k\)-algebra \(A \in \mathrm{Alg}(\mathrm{mod}_{k}^Z)\).

[006S]

Notation 3.6.7.

We let \(\mathrm{grmod}_A \coloneqq \mathrm{RMod}_A(\mathrm{mod}_{k}^Z)\) denote the ordinary \(1\)-category of \(Z\)-graded right \(A\)-modules.

This category \(\mathrm{grmod}_A\) is a \(1\)-projectively generated, in the sense of definition 3.6.1, presentable abelian \(1\)-category. A standard computation shows that its compact \(1\)-projective objects (i.e. its compact projective objects in the usual abelian sense) are precisely given by the graded-compact projective modules, defined as follows.

[006T]

Definition 3.6.8.

An (ordinary) \(Z\)-graded \(A\)-module \(M \in \mathrm{grmod}_A\) is graded-compact-projective if it is a retract of a finite direct sums of grading shifts of the free module \(A\). Let \(\mathrm{grmod}_A^{\mathrm{gr-cp}} \subset \mathrm{grmod}_A\) denote the full subcategory on the graded-compact-projective \(A\)-modules.

In the notation of definition 3.6.1, \(\mathrm{grmod}_A^{\mathrm{gr-cp}} = \left(\mathrm{grmod}_A\right)^{\mathrm{c}1\mathrm{p}}\).

Using proposition 3.6.6, we can identify the \(\infty\)-category \(\mathrm{RMod}_{HA}(\mathrm{Mod}_{Hk}^{\geq 0, Z})\) as well as its various subcategories in terms of homological algebra:

[006U]

Proposition 3.6.9.

Let \(Z\) be a discrete monoid, \(k\) a discrete commutative ring, and \(A\) a discrete \(Z\)-graded (not necessarily commutative) \(k\)-algebra.

  1. The \(\infty\)-category \(\left(\mathrm{RMod}_{HA}(\mathrm{Mod}_{Hk}^{\geq 0, Z}) \right)^{cp}\) is equivalent to \(\mathrm{grmod}_A^{\mathrm{gr-cp}}\). In particular, it is a \(1\)-category.

  2. The \(\infty\)-category \(\left( \mathrm{RMod}_{HA}(\mathrm{Mod}_{Hk}^Z) \right)^{c}\) is equivalent to the \(\infty\)-category \({\mathbf K}^b(\mathrm{grmod}_A^{\mathrm{gr-cp}})\).

  3. The \(\infty\)-category \(\mathrm{RMod}_{HA}(\mathrm{Mod}_{Hk}^{\geq 0, Z})\) is equivalent to the \(\infty\)-category \(\mathcal D(\mathrm{grmod}_A)_{\geq 0}\).

  4. The \(\infty\)-category \(\mathrm{RMod}_{HA}(\mathrm{Mod}_{Hk}^{Z})\) is equivalent to the (unbounded) derived \(\infty\)-category \(\mathcal D(\mathrm{grmod}_A)\).

[006Z]

Proof.

The \(\infty\)-category \(\mathrm{Mod}_{Hk}^{\geq 0, Z} = \mathrm{Fun}(Z, \mathrm{Mod}_{Hk}^{\geq 0})\) is generated by the set of compact \(1\)-projective objects \(Hk[z]\) for \(z\in Z\), i.e. the ground ring \(k\) in homological degree zero, and grading-degree \(z \in Z\). Hence, by lemma 3.2.12.([004I]), \(\mathrm{RMod}_{HA}(\mathrm{Mod}_{Hk}^{\geq 0, Z})\) is generated by shifted-free modules \(HA[z] = HA \otimes_{Hk} Hk[z]\) for \(z\in Z\). By lemma 3.2.9.([0043]), the compact-projective objects of \(\mathrm{RMod}_{HA}(\mathrm{Mod}_{Hk}^{\geq 0, Z})\) are retracts of finite direct sums of such modules, and hence are precisely the graded-compact-projective modules. This proves ([006V]).

For ([006X]), note that \(\mathrm{RMod}_{HA}(\mathrm{Mod}_{Hk}^{\geq 0, Z})\) is projectively generated (see lemma 3.2.12), and hence equivalent to \[\mathcal P^{\Sigma}\left(\mathrm{RMod}_{HA}(\mathrm{Mod}_{Hk}^{\geq 0, Z})^{\mathrm{cp}}\right) = \mathcal P^{\Sigma}(\mathrm{grmod}_{A}^{\mathrm{gr-cp}}).\] Since \(\mathrm{grmod}_A^{\mathrm{gr-cp}}\) is the full subcategory on the compact 1-projectives in the \(1\)-projectively generated presentable abelian category \(\mathrm{grmod}_A\), it follows from proposition 3.6.6.([006N]) that this is equivalent to \(\mathcal D(\mathrm{grmod}_A)_{\geq 0}\).

Statement ([006Y]) follows from proposition 3.6.6.([006P]) since by [Lur17, Thm. 4.8.4.6], \(\mathrm{RMod}_{HA}(\mathrm{Mod}_{Hk}^{\geq 0, Z}) \otimes \mathrm{Sp}\simeq \mathrm{RMod}_{HA}(\mathrm{Mod}_{Hk}^{\geq 0, Z} \otimes \mathrm{Sp}) \simeq \mathrm{RMod}_{HA} (\mathrm{Mod}_{Hk}^Z).\)

Statement ([006W]) then follows since \(\mathcal D(\mathrm{grmod}_A) \simeq \operatorname{Ind}({\mathbf K}^b(\mathrm{grmod}_A^{\mathrm{gr-cp}}))\) by proposition 3.6.6.([006P]). ◻

Motivated by proposition 3.6.9, we call the objects in the full subcategory \(\mathcal D(\mathrm{grmod}_A)^{\mathrm{c}} \subseteq \mathcal D(\mathrm{grmod}_A)\) graded-perfect.

[0070]

Remark 3.6.10.

Since \(\mathcal D(\mathrm{grmod}_A)^{\mathrm{c}} \simeq {\mathbf K}^b(\mathrm{grmod}_A^{\mathrm{gr-cp}})\) an object is graded-perfect if it is quasi-isomorphic to a bounded (in either direction) chain complex of graded-compact-projective \(A\)-modules.

[0071]

Notation 3.6.11.

We write \(\mathcal D(\mathrm{grmod}_A)^{\mathrm{gr-perf}}\coloneqq \mathcal D(\mathrm{grmod}_A)^{\mathrm{c}}\) for the full subcategory of \(\mathcal D(\mathrm{grmod}_A)\) on the graded-perfect modules.

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source collection and HTML conversion remain in progress.

Yu Leon Liu, Aaron Mazel-Gee, David Reutter, Catharina Stroppel, Paul Wedrich

Original source: arXiv:2401.02956v2

Original source · 2401.02956v2