ScalingStacks

5. Exact sequences

In this section we discuss the various definitions of exact sequence, relating notions for triangulated categories, spectral categories, and stable ∞\infty-categories. Arguably the most fundamental definition is that of an exact sequence of triangulated categories, as it turns out that exact sequences in both spectral and stable ∞\infty-categories can be detected on the level of the homotopy category. Recall that a sequence of triangulated categories

π’œβŸΆβ„¬βŸΆπ’ž{\mathcal{A}}\longrightarrow{\mathcal{B}}\longrightarrow{\mathcal{C}}

is called exact if the composite is zero, the functor π’œβ†’β„¬{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} is fully faithful, and the induced functor from the Verdier quotient ℬ/π’œ{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}} to π’ž{\mathcal{C}} is cofinal, i.e., it becomes an equivalence after idempotent completion. Said differently, a triangulated functor π’žβ€²β†’π’ž{\mathcal{C}}^{\prime}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} is cofinal if every object of π’ž{\mathcal{C}} is a summand of an object of π’žβ€²{\mathcal{C}}^{\prime}. The purpose of this section is to develop analogues of these notions for stable ∞\infty-categories.

5.1. The Verdier quotient as the cofiber in Cat∞perf\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf}

Let ΞΊ\kappa denote an infinite regular cardinal. We recall the following terminology from [52, Β§5.3.4].

0NLH

Definition 5.1. Let π’œ{\mathcal{A}} be an ∞\infty-category. We say that π’œ{\mathcal{A}} is ΞΊ\kappa-cocomplete if π’œ{\mathcal{A}} admits all ΞΊ\kappa-small colimits.

Most of the small ∞\infty-categories which arise in this paper can be realized as the full subcategory π’žΞΊβŠ‚π’ž{\mathcal{C}}^{\kappa}\subset{\mathcal{C}} of ΞΊ\kappa-compact objects in a stable presentable ∞\infty-category π’ž{\mathcal{C}}. In this case, we can reconstruct π’ž{\mathcal{C}} itself as Indκ⁑(π’žΞΊ)\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{C}}^{\kappa}), which formally adjoins ΞΊ\kappa-filtered colimits. To make this precise, we recall the notions of ΞΊ\kappa-filtered ∞\infty-category, ΞΊ\kappa-filtered colimit, and ΞΊ\kappa-continuous functor.

0NLI

Definition 5.2. An ∞\infty-category π’ž{\mathcal{C}} is ΞΊ\kappa-filtered if every map Kβ†’π’žK\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} from a ΞΊ\kappa-small simplicial set KK extends to a functor KβŠ³β†’π’žK^{\triangleright}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} (see [52, 2.1.4.2] for the cone notation). A simplicial set KK is ΞΊ\kappa-filtered if there exists a categorical equivalence Kβ†’π’žK\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} for some ΞΊ\kappa-filtered ∞\infty-category π’ž{\mathcal{C}}. Lastly, a ΞΊ\kappa-filtered colimit is a colimit indexed by a ΞΊ\kappa-filtered simplicial set.

0NLJ

Definition 5.3. Let π’œ{\mathcal{A}} and ℬ{\mathcal{B}} be ∞\infty-categories and let f:π’œβ†’β„¬f:{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} be a functor. We say that ff is ΞΊ\kappa-continuous if ff preserves ΞΊ\kappa-filtered colimits.

We write Cat∞ex⁑(ΞΊ)\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex(\!\kappa)} for the ∞\infty-category of small ΞΊ\kappa-cocomplete stable ∞\infty-categories and ΞΊ\kappa-small colimit-preserving functors thereof; note that if ΞΊ>Ο‰\kappa>\omega, any small ΞΊ\kappa-cocomplete stable ∞\infty-category π’œ{\mathcal{A}} is necessarily idempotent complete [52, 5.4.2.4]. Given a small ΞΊ\kappa-cocomplete stable ∞\infty-category π’œ{\mathcal{A}}, the ∞\infty-category Indκ⁑(π’œ)\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}}) is a ΞΊ\kappa-compactly generated stable ∞\infty-category such that Idem⁑(π’œ)≃Indκ⁑(π’œ)ΞΊ\Idem({\mathcal{A}})\simeq\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}})^{\kappa} [52, 5.5.7.8, 5.5.7.10].

In fact, provided ΞΊ>Ο‰\kappa>\omega, restriction to subcategories of ΞΊ\kappa-compact objects determines an equivalence between the ∞\infty-category of ΞΊ\kappa-compactly generated stable ∞\infty-categories 𝒫​rStLΞΊ{{\mathcal{P}\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{St}}}_{\kappa} and the ∞\infty-category Cat∞ex⁑(ΞΊ)\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex(\!\kappa)} of small ΞΊ\kappa-cocomplete stable ∞\infty-categories, with inverse IndΞΊ\Ind_{\kappa} [52, 5.5.7.10]. As a consequence, corollaryΒ 4.25 implies that the ∞\infty-category of ΞΊ\kappa-compactly generated stable ∞\infty-categories is cocomplete.

We now define an analogue of the Verdier quotient of triangulated categories on the level of stable ∞\infty-categories. Specifically, if π’œβ†’β„¬{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} is a fully faithful functor of stable ∞\infty-categories, then Ho⁑(π’œ)β†’Ho⁑(ℬ)\Ho({\mathcal{A}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho({\mathcal{B}}) is a fully faithful functor of triangulated categories, and we may form the usual Verdier quotient Ho⁑(ℬ)/Ho⁑(π’œ)\Ho({\mathcal{B}})/\Ho({\mathcal{A}}). This is defined as the initial triangulated category Ho⁑(ℬ)/Ho⁑(π’œ)\Ho({\mathcal{B}})/\Ho({\mathcal{A}}) equipped with a triangulated functor Ho⁑(ℬ)β†’Ho⁑(ℬ)/Ho⁑(π’œ)\Ho({\mathcal{B}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho({\mathcal{B}})/\Ho({\mathcal{A}}) such that the composite Ho⁑(π’œ)β†’Ho⁑(ℬ)β†’Ho⁑(ℬ/π’œ)\Ho({\mathcal{A}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho({\mathcal{B}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho({\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}) is trivial [61, 2.1.8].

0NLK

Definition 5.4. Let f:π’œβ†’β„¬f:{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} be a fully faithful functor of presentable stable ∞\infty-categories (this means that ff preserves colimits). The Verdier quotient ℬ/π’œ{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}} of ℬ{\mathcal{B}} by π’œ{\mathcal{A}} is the cofiber of ff in the ∞\infty-category 𝒫​rStL{{\mathcal{P}\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{St}}} of presentable stable ∞\infty-categories.

It is useful to identify the Verdier quotient in terms of a Bousfield localization; specifically, we will see that the Verdier quotient is the Bousfield localization of ℬ{\mathcal{B}} at the arrows with cofiber in π’œ{\mathcal{A}}.

0NLL

Lemma 5.5. Let π’ž{\mathcal{C}} be a presentable ∞\infty-category and SS be a strongly saturated class of arrows of π’ž{\mathcal{C}}. Then SS is of small generation if and only if the full subfunctor

FunSL​(π’ž,βˆ’)βŠ†FunL​(π’ž,βˆ’):𝒫​rL⟢Cat^∞\mathrm{Fun}^{\mathrm{L}}_{S}({\mathcal{C}},-)\subseteq\mathrm{Fun}^{\mathrm{L}}({\mathcal{C}},-)\colon{\mathcal{P}\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{L}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\widehat{\mathrm{Cat}}_{\infty}

of FunL​(π’ž,βˆ’)\mathrm{Fun}^{\mathrm{L}}({\mathcal{C}},-), spanned by those colimit-preserving functors π’žβ†’π’Ÿ{\mathcal{C}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{D}} which carry the arrows in SS to equivalences in π’Ÿ{\mathcal{D}}, is corepresentable by a presentable ∞\infty-category π’žβ€²{\mathcal{C}}^{\prime}. Moreover, in this case, π’žβ€²β‰ƒSβˆ’1β€‹π’ž{\mathcal{C}}^{\prime}\simeq S^{-1}{\mathcal{C}}.

0NLM

Proof. If SS is of small generation then Sβˆ’1β€‹π’žS^{-1}{\mathcal{C}} is presentable and corepresents the functor FunSL​(π’ž,βˆ’)\mathrm{Fun}^{\mathrm{L}}_{S}({\mathcal{C}},-) by [52, 5.5.4.14, 5.5.4.20]. Conversely, if this functor is corepresentable by π’žβ€²{\mathcal{C}}^{\prime} then the identity π’žβ€²β†’π’žβ€²{\mathcal{C}}^{\prime}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}}^{\prime} determines a colimit-preserving functor π’žβ†’π’žβ€²{\mathcal{C}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}}^{\prime}. Let TT be the class of arrows in π’ž{\mathcal{C}} which become invertible in π’žβ€²{\mathcal{C}}^{\prime}, and note that SβŠ†TS\subseteq T, TT is strongly saturated [52, 5.5.4.10], and TT is of small generation [52, 5.5.4.16] (the last claim uses the fact that the equivalences in π’žβ€²{\mathcal{C}}^{\prime} is the strongly saturated class generated by the identity of the initial object of π’žβ€²{\mathcal{C}}^{\prime}, which follows from [52, 5.5.4.5, 5.5.4.6]). Thus Tβˆ’1β€‹π’žβ‰ƒπ’žβ€²T^{-1}{\mathcal{C}}\simeq{\mathcal{C}}^{\prime}, so π’žβ€²{\mathcal{C}}^{\prime} also corepresents the functor FunTL​(π’ž,βˆ’)\mathrm{Fun}^{\mathrm{L}}_{T}({\mathcal{C}},-), showing that a colimit-preserving functor π’žβ†’π’Ÿ{\mathcal{C}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{D}} inverts the arrows of SS if and only if it inverts the arrows of TT. Since SS is strongly saturated, we conclude that S=TS=T. ∎

The preceding lemma now allows us to characterize the cofiber as a localization.

0NLN

Proposition 5.6. Let π’œβ†’β„¬{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} be a fully faithful functor of presentable stable ∞\infty-categories and let SS denote the collection of arrows in ℬ{\mathcal{B}} whose cones lie in the essential image of π’œ{\mathcal{A}}. Then SS is a strongly saturated class of maps in ℬ{\mathcal{B}} of small generation, and the Verdier quotient ℬ/π’œ{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}} is equivalent to the Bousfield localization Sβˆ’1​ℬS^{-1}{\mathcal{B}}.

0NLP

Proof. Let π’ž{\mathcal{C}} be a presentable stable ∞\infty-category, and note that a colimit-preserving functor β„¬β†’π’ž{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} sends the arrows in SS to equivalences in π’ž{\mathcal{C}} if and only if its restriction to π’œ{\mathcal{A}} is trivial. We therefore may identify

FunL​(ℬ/π’œ,π’ž)βŠ†FunL​(ℬ,π’ž),\mathrm{Fun}^{\mathrm{L}}({\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}},{\mathcal{C}})\subseteq\mathrm{Fun}^{\mathrm{L}}({\mathcal{B}},{\mathcal{C}}),

with the full subcategory spanned by those colimit-preserving functors β„¬β†’π’ž{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} which send the arrows in SS to equivalences in π’ž{\mathcal{C}}. It follows from lemmaΒ 5.5 that ℬ/π’œβ‰ƒTβˆ’1​ℬ{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}\simeq T^{-1}{\mathcal{B}}, where TT is the strongly saturated class of arrows of ℬ{\mathcal{B}} which become equivalences in ℬ/π’œ{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}.

We now show that SS is strongly saturated, so that S=TS=T. First, suppose given a cofiber sequence Xβ†’Yβ†’ZX\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}Y\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}Z in ℬ{\mathcal{B}} such that ZZ lies in the essential image of π’œ{\mathcal{A}}, and let Xβ†’Xβ€²X\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}X^{\prime} be any map. Then the cofiber of Xβ€²β†’Xβ€²β€‹βˆXYX^{\prime}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}X^{\prime}\coprod_{X}Y is equivalence to ZZ, so is also in the essential image of π’œ{\mathcal{A}}. Second, given a diagram fΞ±:XΞ±β†’YΞ±f_{\alpha}\colon X_{\alpha}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}Y_{\alpha} in Fun⁑(Ξ”1,ℬ)\mathrm{Fun}(\Delta^{1},{\mathcal{B}}) with colimit f:Xβ†’Yf\colon X\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}Y, and suppose that the cofibers ZΞ±Z_{\alpha} of each fΞ±f_{\alpha} lies in the essential image of π’œ{\mathcal{A}}. Commuting colimits implies that the cofiber ZZ of ff is computed as the colimit of the ZΞ±Z_{\alpha}, and this lies in the essential image of π’œ{\mathcal{A}} since π’œ{\mathcal{A}} is closed under colimits and the functor π’œβ†’β„¬{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} preserves colimits. Lastly, suppose h=g∘fh=g\circ f is a composite of f:Xβ†’Yf\colon X\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}Y followed by g:Yβ†’Zg\colon Y\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}Z, and write Y/XY/X, Z/YZ/Y, and Z/XZ/X for the cofibers of ff, gg, and hh, respectively. Then we have a cofiber sequence Y/Xβ†’Z/Xβ†’Z/YY/X\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}Z/X\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}Z/Y, so if any two lie in the essential image of π’œ{\mathcal{A}} then so does the third. ∎

In fact, we can be more precise about a generating set for the local equivalences:

0NLQ

Proposition 5.7. Let i:π’œβ†’β„¬i\colon{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} be a fully faithful inclusion of ΞΊ\kappa-compactly generated stable ∞\infty-categories which preserves ΞΊ\kappa-compact objects, let SS be the (small) collection of arrows of ℬκ{\mathcal{B}}^{\kappa} whose cofibers lie in the image of π’œΞΊ{\mathcal{A}}^{\kappa}, and let TT be the (large) collection of arrows of ℬ{\mathcal{B}} whose cofibers lie in the image of π’œ{\mathcal{A}}. Then the natural map

Sβˆ’1β€‹β„¬βŸΆTβˆ’1​ℬ≃ℬ⁑[Tβˆ’1]≃ℬ/π’œS^{-1}{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}T^{-1}{\mathcal{B}}\simeq{\mathcal{B}}[T^{-1}]\simeq{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}

is an equivalence of ∞\infty-categories, where here Sβˆ’1​ℬS^{-1}{\mathcal{B}} and Tβˆ’1​ℬT^{-1}{\mathcal{B}} denote the subcategories of local objects.

0NLR

Proof. Without loss of generality we may identify π’œ{\mathcal{A}} with its essential image in ℬ{\mathcal{B}}, so that an arrow f:Xβ†’Yf\colon X\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}Y is in TT if and only if any cofiber ZZ of ff lies in π’œ{\mathcal{A}}. By [52, 5.5.4.15] it suffices to show that TβŠ†SΒ―T\subseteq\overline{S}, the strongly saturated class of arrows of ℬ{\mathcal{B}} generated by SS (see [52, 5.5.4.5]). To see this, let X​→𝑓​Y​→𝑔​ZX\overset{f}{\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}}Y\overset{g}{\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}}Z be a cofiber sequence in ℬ{\mathcal{B}} such that ZZ is in π’œ{\mathcal{A}}. Then Z=colimα⁑ZΞ±Z=\colim_{\alpha}Z_{\alpha} is a ΞΊ\kappa-filtered colimit of objects ZΞ±βˆˆπ’œΞΊβŠ‚β„¬ΞΊZ_{\alpha}\in{\mathcal{A}}^{\kappa}\subset{\mathcal{B}}^{\kappa} and Y=colimα⁑YΞ±Y=\colim_{\alpha}Y_{\alpha} is a ΞΊ\kappa-filtered colimit of objects YΞ±=YΓ—ZZΞ±Y_{\alpha}=Y\times_{Z}Z_{\alpha}. Now YΞ±Y_{\alpha} may not be ΞΊ\kappa-compact, so write YΞ±=colimβ⁑Yα​βY_{\alpha}=\colim_{\beta}Y_{\alpha\beta} for some YΞ±β€‹Ξ²βˆˆβ„¬ΞΊY_{\alpha\beta}\in{\mathcal{B}}^{\kappa} and consider the resulting diagram of cofiber sequences

Xα​β\textstyle{X_{\alpha\beta}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}fα​β\scriptstyle{f_{\alpha\beta}}Yα​β\textstyle{Y_{\alpha\beta}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}gα​β\scriptstyle{g_{\alpha\beta}}Zα​β\textstyle{Z_{\alpha\beta}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}XΞ±\textstyle{X_{\alpha}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}fΞ±\scriptstyle{f_{\alpha}}YΞ±\textstyle{Y_{\alpha}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}gΞ±\scriptstyle{g_{\alpha}}ZΞ±\textstyle{Z_{\alpha}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}X\textstyle{X\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}f\scriptstyle{f}Y\textstyle{Y\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}g\scriptstyle{g}Z\textstyle{Z}

in which the lower right and upper left squares are cartesian, which implies that these two squares are also cocartesian and that the maps XΞ±β†’XX_{\alpha}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}X and Zα​β→ZΞ±Z_{\alpha\beta}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}Z_{\alpha} are equivalences. Hence ZΞ±β€‹Ξ²βˆˆπ’œΞΊβŠ†β„¬ΞΊZ_{\alpha\beta}\in{\mathcal{A}}^{\kappa}\subseteq{\mathcal{B}}^{\kappa} and we conclude that gα​βg_{\alpha\beta} and therefore fα​βf_{\alpha\beta} as well are maps in ℬκ{\mathcal{B}}^{\kappa}; in particular, fα​βf_{\alpha\beta} is an arrow in SS. It follows from [52, 5.5.4.5] that the pushout fΞ±f_{\alpha} of fα​βf_{\alpha\beta} along Xα​β→Xα≃XX_{\alpha\beta}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}X_{\alpha}\simeq X is in SΒ―\overline{S}, and we see from [52, 5.5.4.12] that f≃colimα⁑fΞ±:X≃colimα⁑XΞ±β†’colim⁑Yα≃Yf\simeq\colim_{\alpha}f_{\alpha}:X\simeq\colim_{\alpha}X_{\alpha}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\colim Y_{\alpha}\simeq Y is then also in SΒ―\overline{S}. ∎

DefinitionΒ 5.4 leads to the following definition of an exact sequence.

0NLS

Definition 5.8. A sequence of presentable stable ∞\infty-categories π’œβ†’β„¬β†’π’ž{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} is exact if the composite is trivial, π’œβ†’β„¬{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} is fully faithful, and the map ℬ/π’œβ†’π’ž{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} is an equivalence.

Somewhat surprisingly, as a consequence of the hypothesis of stability we can detect exact sequences on the level of homotopy categories, despite the fact that functors which are fully faithful on homotopy categories are not typically fully faithful as functors of ∞\infty-categories. The following proposition connects the ∞\infty-categorical Verdier quotient of definition 5.4 to the Verdier quotient of the triangulated homotopy categories.

0NLT

Proposition 5.9. Let π’œβ†’β„¬{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} be a fully faithful inclusion of presentable stable ∞\infty-categories. Then the natural map Ho⁑(ℬ)/Ho⁑(π’œ)β†’Ho⁑(ℬ/π’œ)\Ho({\mathcal{B}})/\Ho({\mathcal{A}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho({\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}) is an equivalence.

0NLU

Proof. By construction, ℬ/π’œβŠ†β„¬{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}\subseteq{\mathcal{B}} is the full subcategory on those objects bb such that map(a,b)β‰ƒβˆ—\map(a,b)\simeq* for all objects aa in the image of π’œ{\mathcal{A}}. This shows that, as full subcategories of Ho⁑(ℬ)\Ho({\mathcal{B}}), Ho⁑(ℬ/π’œ)βŠ†Ho⁑(ℬ)/Ho⁑(π’œ)\Ho({\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}})\subseteq\Ho({\mathcal{B}})/\Ho({\mathcal{A}}). Conversely, if bb is in Ho⁑(ℬ)/Ho⁑(π’œ)\Ho({\mathcal{B}})/\Ho({\mathcal{A}}), then Ο€0map(a,b)β‰ƒβˆ—\pi_{0}\map(a,b)\simeq\ast for each object aa in the image of π’œ{\mathcal{A}}, and we claim that in fact map(a,b)β‰ƒβˆ—\map(a,b)\simeq*. Indeed, π’œ{\mathcal{A}} is a stable subcategory of ℬ{\mathcal{B}}, so that Ο€nmap(a,b)≃π0map(Ξ£na,b)β‰ƒβˆ—\pi_{n}\map(a,b)\simeq\pi_{0}\map(\Sigma^{n}a,b)\simeq\ast. Hence Ho⁑(ℬ)/Ho⁑(π’œ)βŠ†Ho⁑(ℬ/π’œ)\Ho({\mathcal{B}})/\Ho({\mathcal{A}})\subseteq\Ho({\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}) as well. ∎

The argument for the previous proposition also implies the following characterization of fully faithful maps; note that here we do not need the hypothesis that the stable ∞\infty-categories are presentable, as we are not working with localizations.

0NLV

Proposition 5.10. A map of stable ∞\infty-categories π’œβ†’β„¬{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} is fully faithful if and only if Ho⁑(π’œ)β†’Ho⁑(ℬ)\Ho({\mathcal{A}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho({\mathcal{B}}) is fully faithful.

0NLW

Corollary 5.11. A map of stable ∞\infty-categories π’œβ†’β„¬{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} is an equivalence if and only if Ho⁑(π’œ)β†’Ho⁑(ℬ)\Ho({\mathcal{A}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho({\mathcal{B}}) is an equivalence.

As we are predominantly interested in sequences of small ∞\infty-categories, we will now extend definition 5.8 to the ∞\infty-category Cat∞ex⁑(κ)\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex(\!\kappa)}.

0NLX

Definition 5.12. A sequence of ΞΊ\kappa-cocomplete small stable ∞\infty-categories and ΞΊ\kappa-small colimit preserving functors π’œβ†’β„¬β†’π’ž{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} is exact if the sequence

Indκ⁑(π’œ)⟢Indκ⁑(ℬ)⟢Indκ⁑(π’ž)\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{B}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{C}})

is an exact sequence of presentable stable ∞\infty-categories.

Although we’ve defined exact sequences in Cat∞ex⁑(ΞΊ)\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex(\!\kappa)} to be those sequences which are exact in 𝒫​rStL{{\mathcal{P}\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{St}}}, we can give an intrinsic description. Just as in the presentable case, the quotient ℬ/π’œ{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}} will denote the cofiber of the fully faithful inclusion π’œβ†’β„¬{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} of ΞΊ\kappa-cocomplete small stable ∞\infty-categories.

0NLY

Proposition 5.13. A sequence of ΞΊ\kappa-cocomplete small stable ∞\infty-categories and ΞΊ\kappa-small colimit preserving functors π’œβ†’β„¬β†’π’ž{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} is exact if and only if the composite is trivial, π’œβ†’β„¬{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} is fully faithful, and the resulting map ℬ/π’œβ†’π’ž{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} is an equivalence (after idempotent completion if ΞΊ=Ο‰\kappa=\omega).

0NLZ

Proof. The fully faithful inclusions π’œβŠ‚Indκ⁑(π’œ){\mathcal{A}}\subset\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}}) and β„¬βŠ‚Indκ⁑(ℬ){\mathcal{B}}\subset\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{B}}) show that π’œβ†’β„¬{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} is fully faithful if and only if Indκ⁑(π’œ)β†’Indκ⁑(ℬ)\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{B}}) is fully faithful (for the reverse direction, this follows from the definition of the mapping spaces in Indκ⁑(βˆ’)\Ind_{\kappa}(-)). Thus it remains to check that ℬ/π’œβ†’π’ž{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} is an equivalence upon idempotent completion if and only if Indκ⁑(ℬ)/Indκ⁑(π’œ)≃Indκ⁑(ℬ/π’œ)\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{B}})/\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}})\simeq\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}). Since IndΞΊ\Ind_{\kappa} preserves cofibers, it is enough to check that the equivalence Indκ⁑(ℬ)/Indκ⁑(π’œ)≃Indκ⁑(ℬ/π’œ)\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{B}})/\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}})\simeq\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}) implies the equivalence ℬ/π’œβ‰ƒπ’ž{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}\simeq{\mathcal{C}} whenever the latter are idempotent complete. Thus, given a ΞΊ\kappa-cocomplete small stable ∞\infty-category π’Ÿ{\mathcal{D}} (which we assume is idempotent complete if ΞΊ=Ο‰\kappa=\omega), we must show that

Funex⁑(ΞΊ)​(π’ž,π’Ÿ)⟢Funex⁑(ΞΊ)​(ℬ,π’Ÿ)⟢Funex⁑(ΞΊ)​(π’œ,π’Ÿ)\mathrm{Fun}^{\ex(\kappa)}({\mathcal{C}},{\mathcal{D}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Fun}^{\ex(\kappa)}({\mathcal{B}},{\mathcal{D}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Fun}^{\ex(\kappa)}({\mathcal{A}},{\mathcal{D}})

is a fiber sequence of ∞\infty-categories. Since π’Ÿβ‰ƒ(Indκ⁑(π’Ÿ))ΞΊ{\mathcal{D}}\simeq(\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{D}}))^{\kappa}, by adjunction this is equivalent to the sequence

FunL​(Indκ⁑(π’ž),Indκ⁑(π’Ÿ))⟢FunL​(Indκ⁑(ℬ),Indκ⁑(π’Ÿ))⟢FunL​(Indκ⁑(π’œ),Indκ⁑(π’Ÿ)),\mathrm{Fun}^{\mathrm{L}}(\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{C}}),\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{D}}))\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Fun}^{\mathrm{L}}(\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{B}}),\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{D}}))\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Fun}^{\mathrm{L}}(\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}}),\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{D}})),

which is a fiber sequence by assumption. ∎

5.2. The Thomason-Neeman localization theorem

In fact, we can further reduce to a criterion on the level of homotopy categories. For this, we need the following proposition. In the proof, we take advantage of the detailed study of localization in the context of (well-generated) triangulated categories by Neeman [61, 62] and Krause [51] and the fact that the homotopy category of a presentable stable ∞\infty-category is a well-generated triangulated category (see [53, 1.4.5.2] and [50]).

0NM0

Proposition 5.14. Let π’œβ†’β„¬{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} be a fully faithful and ΞΊ\kappa-small colimit preserving functor of ΞΊ\kappa-cocomplete small stable ∞\infty-categories. Then the natural map

Ho⁑(ℬ)/Ho⁑(π’œ)⟢Ho⁑(ℬ/π’œ)\Ho({\mathcal{B}})/\Ho({\mathcal{A}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho({\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}})

is an equivalence. In other words, the functor Ho⁑(βˆ’)\Ho(-) preserves quotients of fully faithful functors.

0NM1

Proof. We have equivalences

Ho⁑(Indκ⁑(ℬ))/Ho⁑(Indκ⁑(π’œ))≃Ho⁑(Indκ⁑(ℬ)/Indκ⁑(π’œ))≃Ho⁑(Indκ⁑(ℬ/π’œ)),\Ho(\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{B}}))/\Ho(\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}}))\simeq\Ho(\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{B}})/\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}}))\simeq\Ho(\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}})),

where the first equivalence follows from propositionΒ 5.9 and the last equivalence follows from the fact that IndΞΊ\Ind_{\kappa} preserves cofibers. We therefore obtain a commutative (up to natural isomorphism) square

Ho⁑(ℬ)/Ho⁑(π’œ)\textstyle{\Ho({\mathcal{B}})/\Ho({\mathcal{A}})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Ho⁑(ℬ/π’œ)\textstyle{\Ho({\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Ho⁑(Indκ⁑(ℬ))/Ho⁑(Indκ⁑(π’œ))\textstyle{\Ho(\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{B}}))/\Ho(\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}}))\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Ho⁑(Indκ⁑(ℬ/π’œ))\textstyle{\Ho(\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}))}

where the right vertical map is fully faithful and the bottom map is an equivalence.

To see that the top vertical map is fully faithful, we use Neeman’s generalization of Thomason’s localization theorem (see [61, 4.4.9] or Β [62]) to show that the left vertical map is fully faithful. First, since Indκ⁑(π’œ)\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}}) and Indκ⁑(ℬ)\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{B}}) are presentable, the criterion ofΒ [50] (characterizing well-generated triangulated categories) andΒ [53, 1.4.5.2] imply that Ho⁑(Indκ⁑(ℬ))\Ho(\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{B}})) is well-generated and (since the map Indκ⁑(π’œ)β†’Indκ⁑(ℬ)\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{B}}) is fully-faithful) the image of Ho⁑(Indκ⁑(π’œ))\Ho(\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}})) is a localizing subcategory generated by a small set of objects. Applying the form of Neeman’s theorem proved by Krause inΒ [51, 7.2.1] now implies that

Ho⁑Indκ⁑(ℬ)ΞΊ/Ho⁑Indκ​(π’œ)κ⟢Ho⁑Indκ⁑(ℬ)/Ho⁑Indκ⁑(π’œ)\Ho\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{B}})^{\kappa}/\Ho\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}})^{\kappa}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{B}})/\Ho\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}})

is a fully faithful map. SinceΒ [53, 1.4.5.1] implies that there is an equivalence Ho⁑(Indκ⁑(π’œ)ΞΊ)≃Ho⁑(Indκ⁑(π’œ))ΞΊ\Ho(\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}})^{\kappa})\simeq\Ho(\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}}))^{\kappa} and Indκ⁑(π’œ)ΞΊβ‰ƒπ’œ\Ind_{\kappa}({\mathcal{A}})^{\kappa}\simeq{\mathcal{A}} up to idempotent completion (and similarly for ℬ{\mathcal{B}}), we conclude that the left vertical map is fully faithful.

Finally, this map is essentially surjective because there is a commutative (up to natural isomorphism) triangle

Ho⁑(ℬ)\textstyle{\Ho({\mathcal{B}})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Ho⁑(ℬ)/Ho⁑(π’œ)\textstyle{\Ho({\mathcal{B}})/\Ho({\mathcal{A}})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Ho⁑(ℬ/π’œ)\textstyle{\Ho({\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}})}

such that both maps from Ho⁑(ℬ)\Ho({\mathcal{B}}) are essentially surjective. ∎

Now we can obtain the following correspondence between exact sequences of small stable ∞\infty-categories and exact sequences of triangulated categories.

0NM2

Proposition 5.15. A sequence of ΞΊ\kappa-cocomplete small stable ∞\infty-categories and ΞΊ\kappa-small colimit preserving functors π’œβ†’β„¬β†’π’ž{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} is exact if and only if the associated sequence Ho⁑(π’œ)β†’Ho⁑(ℬ)β†’Ho⁑(π’ž)\Ho({\mathcal{A}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho({\mathcal{B}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho({\mathcal{C}}) of triangulated categories is exact, in the sense that the composite is trivial, Ho⁑(π’œ)β†’Ho⁑(ℬ)\Ho({\mathcal{A}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho({\mathcal{B}}) is fully faithful, and the map Ho⁑(ℬ)/Ho⁑(π’œ)β†’Ho⁑(π’ž)\Ho({\mathcal{B}})/\Ho({\mathcal{A}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho({\mathcal{C}}) is an equivalence after idempotent completion.

0NM3

Proof. Suppose π’œβ†’β„¬β†’π’ž{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} is exact. Then the composite is trivial, π’œβ†’β„¬{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} is fully faithful, and ℬ/π’œβ†’π’ž{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} is an equivalence up to idempotent completion, and so the same must be true on the level of triangulated homotopy categories. Thus it is enough to show that Ho⁑(ℬ)/Ho⁑(π’œ)β†’Ho⁑(π’ž)\Ho({\mathcal{B}})/\Ho({\mathcal{A}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho({\mathcal{C}}) is an equivalence up to idempotent completion, which follows from proposition 5.14. Conversely, suppose that

Ho⁑(π’œ)⟢Ho⁑(ℬ)⟢Ho⁑(π’ž)\Ho({\mathcal{A}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho({\mathcal{B}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho({\mathcal{C}})

is exact. Then π’œβ†’β„¬{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} is fully faithful by proposition 5.10, and the equivalences Ho⁑(ℬ/π’œ)≃Ho⁑(ℬ)/Ho⁑(π’œ)≃Ho⁑(π’ž)\Ho({\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}})\simeq\Ho({\mathcal{B}})/\Ho({\mathcal{A}})\simeq\Ho({\mathcal{C}}) (the last up to idempotent completion) implies that ℬ/π’œβ‰ƒπ’ž{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}\simeq{\mathcal{C}} by corollary 5.11. ∎

Finally, we record a technical proposition that is used in the context of our construction of non-connective KK-theory. First, we need a technical lemma about the behavior of the Ind\Ind functor.

0NM4

Lemma 5.16. Let π’œβ†’β„¬{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} be an exact functor of small stable ∞\infty-categories. Then the induced map Ind⁑(π’œ)β†’Ind⁑(ℬ)\Ind({\mathcal{A}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ind({\mathcal{B}}) of presentable stable ∞\infty-categories preserves ΞΊ\kappa-compact objects for all infinite regular cardinals ΞΊ\kappa.

0NM5

Proof. Recall that a right adjoint preserves ΞΊ\kappa-filtered colimits if and only if its left adjoint preserves ΞΊ\kappa-compact objectsΒ [52, 5.5.1.4]. Since functors which preserve filtered colimits also preserve ΞΊ\kappa-filtered colimits and Ind⁑(βˆ’)\Ind(-) takes exact functors to functors which preserve compact objects, the result follows. ∎

Note that in the statement of the following proposition, we implicitly use the facts that stable ∞\infty-categories have all finite colimits and exact functors preserve finite colimits.

0NM6

Proposition 5.17. Let π’œβ†’β„¬β†’π’ž{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} be an exact sequence of small stable ∞\infty-categories. Then for any infinite regular cardinal ΞΊ\kappa,

Ind⁑(π’œ)κ⟢Ind⁑(ℬ)κ⟢Ind⁑(π’ž)ΞΊ\Ind({\mathcal{A}})^{\kappa}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ind({\mathcal{B}})^{\kappa}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ind({\mathcal{C}})^{\kappa}

is an exact sequence of idempotent-complete small stable ∞\infty-categories.

0NM7

Proof. First, by propositionΒ 5.15, it suffices to check that

Ho⁑(Ind⁑(π’œ)ΞΊ)⟢Ho⁑(Ind⁑(ℬ)ΞΊ)⟢Ho⁑(Ind⁑(π’ž)ΞΊ)\Ho(\Ind({\mathcal{A}})^{\kappa})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho(\Ind({\mathcal{B}})^{\kappa})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho(\Ind({\mathcal{C}})^{\kappa})

is an exact sequence of triangulated categories. Again, we will deduce this from Neeman’s generalization of Thomason’s localization theorem (see [61, 4.4.9] or Β [62]), as follows. First, observe thatΒ [53, 1.4.5.1] implies that there is an equivalence Ho⁑(Ind⁑(π’œ)ΞΊ)≃Ho⁑(Ind⁑(π’œ))ΞΊ\Ho(\Ind({\mathcal{A}})^{\kappa})\simeq\Ho(\Ind({\mathcal{A}}))^{\kappa} (and analogous equivalences for the other terms in the sequence). Next, since Ind⁑(π’œ)\Ind({\mathcal{A}}) and Ind⁑(ℬ)\Ind({\mathcal{B}}) are presentable, the criterion ofΒ [50] (characterizing well-generated triangulated categories) andΒ [53, 1.4.5.2] imply that Ho⁑(Ind⁑(ℬ))\Ho(\Ind({\mathcal{B}})) is well-generated and (since the map Ind⁑(π’œ)β†’Ind⁑(ℬ)\Ind({\mathcal{A}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ind({\mathcal{B}}) is fully-faithful) the image of Ho⁑(Ind⁑(π’œ))\Ho(\Ind({\mathcal{A}})) is a localizing subcategory generated by a small set of objects. Once again, the localization theoremΒ [51, 7.2.1] implies that

Ho⁑(Ind⁑(ℬ))ΞΊ/Ho⁑(Ind⁑(π’œ))κ⟢Ho⁑(Ind⁑(ℬ/π’œ))ΞΊ\Ho(\Ind({\mathcal{B}}))^{\kappa}/\Ho(\Ind({\mathcal{A}}))^{\kappa}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Ho(\Ind({\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}))^{\kappa}

is an equivalence up to idempotent completion. The hypothesis that ℬ/π’œβ†’π’ž{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} is an equivalence up to idempotent completion now implies the result. ∎

5.3. Split-exact sequences

We will be particularly interested in exact sequences which are split in the following sense.

0NM8

Definition 5.18. An exact sequence of small κ\kappa-cocomplete stable ∞\infty-categories and κ\kappa-small colimit preserving functors

π’œ\textstyle{{\mathcal{A}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}f\scriptstyle{f}ℬ\textstyle{{\mathcal{B}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}g\scriptstyle{g}π’ž\textstyle{\mathcal{C}}

is called split-exact if there exist exact functors i:β„¬β†’π’œi\colon{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{A}} and j:π’žβ†’β„¬j\colon{\mathcal{C}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}, right adjoint to ff and gg, respectively, such that i∘f≃Idi\circ f\simeq\Id and g∘j≃Idg\circ j\simeq\Id via the adjunction morphisms.

We will also be interested in (split-) exact sequences of spectral categories.

0NM9

Definition 5.19. A sequence π’œβ†’β„¬β†’π’ž{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} of spectral categories is exact if the induced sequence of stable presentable ∞\infty-categories

N⁑(Ξ©βˆžβ€‹Mod​(π’œ)cf)⟢N⁑(Ξ©βˆžβ€‹Mod​(ℬ)cf)⟢N⁑(Ξ©βˆžβ€‹Mod​(π’ž)cf)\mathrm{N}(\Omega^{\infty}\Mod({\mathcal{A}})^{\cf})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\mathrm{N}(\Omega^{\infty}\Mod({\mathcal{B}})^{\cf})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\mathrm{N}(\Omega^{\infty}\Mod({\mathcal{C}})^{\cf})

is exact.

The following characterization is an immediate corollary of propositionΒ 5.15.

0NMA

Proposition 5.20. A sequence π’œβ†’β„¬β†’π’ž{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} of spectral categories is exact if and only if the induced sequence of triangulated categories

π’Ÿβ‘(π’œ)βŸΆπ’Ÿβ‘(ℬ)βŸΆπ’Ÿβ‘(π’ž){\mathcal{D}}({\mathcal{A}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{D}}({\mathcal{B}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{D}}({\mathcal{C}})

is exact.

Next, observe that we can relate these notions as follows (the proof of which is immediate):

0NMB

Proposition 5.21. Let π’œβ†’β„¬β†’π’ž{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} be an (split-) exact sequence of small spectral categories. Then Ξ¨perf​(π’œ)β†’Ξ¨perf​(ℬ)β†’Ξ¨perf​(π’ž)\Psi_{\perf}({\mathcal{A}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Psi_{\perf}({\mathcal{B}})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Psi_{\perf}({\mathcal{C}}) is a (split-) exact sequence of small stable ∞\infty-categories.

We also have an essential converse statement.

0NMC

Proposition 5.22. Let π’œβ†’β„¬β†’π’ž{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} be a (split-) exact sequence of small stable ∞\infty-categories. Then there exists a (split-) exact sequence of small stable spectral categories

π’œ~βŸΆβ„¬~βŸΆπ’ž~\widetilde{{\mathcal{A}}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\widetilde{{\mathcal{B}}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\widetilde{{\mathcal{C}}}

such that Ξ¨perf​(π’œ~→ℬ~β†’π’ž~)\Psi_{\perf}(\widetilde{{\mathcal{A}}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\widetilde{{\mathcal{B}}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\widetilde{{\mathcal{C}}}) is naturally equivalent to π’œβ†’β„¬β†’π’ž{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}}.

0NMD

Proof. This follows from proposition 4.28. ∎

5.4. Approximating split-exact sequences

In order to localize with respect to the (split-) exact sequences, we need to be able to choose a set of representatives which generate them under filtered colimits.

0NME

Lemma 5.23. The full subcategory (Cat∞perf)Ο‰βŠ‚Cat∞perf(\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf})^{\omega}\subset\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf} of compact small stable idempotent-complete ∞\infty-categories is essentially small.

0NMF

Proof. The result follows from the fact that Cat∞perf\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf} is an accessible localization of Cat∞ex\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex}, and Cat∞ex\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex} itself is an accessible localization of the finitely presentable ∞\infty-category of small spectral categories via theorem 1.10. ∎

This has the following immediate and essential corollary:

0NMG

Corollary 5.24. For any regular cardinal ΞΊ\kappa, there exists a set β„°{\mathcal{E}} of representatives of split-exact sequences of ΞΊ\kappa-compact small idempotent-complete stable ∞\infty-categories.

It is straightforward to see that filtered colimits of exact sequences of such ∞\infty-categories are exact.

0NMH

Lemma 5.25. Given a filtered diagram of exact sequences π’œΞ±β†’β„¬Ξ±β†’π’žΞ±{\mathcal{A}}_{\alpha}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}_{\alpha}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}}_{\alpha} of compact idempotent-complete small stable ∞\infty-categories, the colimit π’œβ†’β„¬β†’π’ž{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} is an exact sequence of idempotent-complete small stable ∞\infty-categories; that is, π’œβ†’β„¬{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} is fully faithful with cofiber π’ž{\mathcal{C}}.

0NMI

Proof. This follows from the fact that the filtered colimit of fully faithful functors is a fully faithful functor and that the cofiber of a filtered colimit of fully faithful functors is equivalent to the filtered colimit of the cofibers. ∎

The ∞\infty-category of ∞\infty-categories equipped with a localization,

Loc⁑(Cat∞)βŠ†Fun⁑(Ξ”1,Cat∞),\mathrm{Loc}(\Cat_{\infty})\subseteq\mathrm{Fun}(\Delta^{1},\Cat_{\infty}),

is the subcategory of those functors g:β„¬β†’π’žg:{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} such that gg admits a right adjoint jj with g∘j≃Idπ’žg\circ j\simeq\Id_{\mathcal{C}}, and maps those transformations which also commute with the adjoint. We have obvious analogues Loc⁑(Cat∞ex)\mathrm{Loc}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex}) and Loc⁑(Cat∞perf)\mathrm{Loc}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf}), and in the stable setting a localization is part of the data of a split-exact sequence. We write

Split⁑(Cat∞ex)βŠ†Fun⁑(Ξ”2,Cat∞ex)\mathrm{Split}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex})\subseteq\mathrm{Fun}(\Delta^{2},\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex})

for the subcategory consisting of those diagrams π’œβ€‹β†’π‘“β€‹β„¬β€‹β†’π‘”β€‹π’ž{\mathcal{A}}\overset{f}{\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}}{\mathcal{B}}\overset{g}{\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}}{\mathcal{C}} of small stable ∞\infty-categories such that g∘f≃0g\circ f\simeq 0, ff is fully faithful with cofiber gg, ff admits a right adjoint ii with Idπ’œβ‰ƒi∘f\Id_{\mathcal{A}}\simeq i\circ f, and gg admits a right adjoint jj with g∘j≃Idπ’žg\circ j\simeq\Id_{\mathcal{C}}; maps are those transformations

π’œ\textstyle{{\mathcal{A}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}f\scriptstyle{f}Ξ±\scriptstyle{\alpha}ℬ\textstyle{{\mathcal{B}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}g\scriptstyle{g}Ξ²\scriptstyle{\beta}π’ž\textstyle{{\mathcal{C}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Ξ³\scriptstyle{\gamma}π’œβ€²\textstyle{{\mathcal{A}}^{\prime}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}fβ€²\scriptstyle{f^{\prime}}ℬ′\textstyle{{\mathcal{B}}^{\prime}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}gβ€²\scriptstyle{g^{\prime}}π’žβ€²\textstyle{{\mathcal{C}}^{\prime}}

which also commute with the adjoints, i.e., α∘i≃iβ€²βˆ˜Ξ²\alpha\circ i\simeq i^{\prime}\circ\beta and β∘j≃jβ€²βˆ˜Ξ³\beta\circ j\simeq j^{\prime}\circ\gamma.

0NMJ

Proposition 5.26. The functors Split⁑(Cat∞ex)β†’Loc⁑(Cat∞ex)\mathrm{Split}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Loc}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex}) and Split⁑(Cat∞perf)β†’Loc⁑(Cat∞perf)\mathrm{Split}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Loc}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf}), induced by the inclusion Ξ”1β‰…Ξ”{1,2}β†’Ξ”2\Delta^{1}\cong\Delta^{\{1,2\}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Delta^{2}, are equivalences.

0NMK

Proof. First observe that a split-exact sequence π’œβ€‹β†’π‘“β€‹β„¬β€‹β†’π‘”β€‹π’ž{\mathcal{A}}\overset{f}{\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}}{\mathcal{B}}\overset{g}{\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}}{\mathcal{C}} is completely determined by the projection g:β„¬β†’π’žg:{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} together with its section j:π’žβ†’β„¬j:{\mathcal{C}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}. This is because f:π’œβ†’β„¬f:{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} is the fiber of gg, which we may identify with the full subcategory of ℬ{\mathcal{B}} spanned by the bβˆˆβ„¬b\in{\mathcal{B}} such that g⁑(b)≃0g(b)\simeq 0, and, since ff is fully faithful, i:β„¬β†’π’œi:{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{A}} is determined by the composite f∘i:β„¬β†’π’œβ†’β„¬f\circ i:{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}, the fiber

f∘i⟢idβ„¬βŸΆj∘gf\circ i\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\id_{{\mathcal{B}}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}j\circ g

of the unit map of the adjunction (g,j)(g,j). Hence Split⁑(Cat∞perf)β†’Loc⁑(Cat∞perf)\mathrm{Split}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Loc}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf}) has contractible (homotopy) fibers and is therefore and equivalence. ∎

0NML

Proposition 5.27. The ∞\infty-category Split⁑(Cat∞perf)\mathrm{Split}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf}) of split-exact sequences of small stable ∞\infty-categories is accessible. In particular, there exists a cardinal κ\kappa such that any split-exact sequence in Cat∞perf\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf} is a κ\kappa-filtered (and hence filtered) colimit of κ\kappa-compact split-exact sequences in Cat∞perf\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf}.

0NMM

Proof. By proposition 5.26, we may equivalently show that Loc⁑(Cat∞perf)\mathrm{Loc}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf}) is accessible. Recall that an adjunction of ∞\infty-categories can be described as a map β„³β†’Ξ”1{\mathcal{M}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Delta^{1} which is both a cocartesian fibration and a cartesian fibrationΒ [52, 5.2.2.1]. This leads us to consider the commutative diagram of pullback squares

Loc⁑(Cat∞perf)\textstyle{\mathrm{Loc}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Loc⁑(Cat∞)\textstyle{\mathrm{Loc}(\Cat_{\infty})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Cat∞/Ξ”1cart,ff\textstyle{\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart,ff}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Fun⁑(Ξ”1,Cat∞perf)\textstyle{\mathrm{Fun}(\Delta^{1},\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Cat∞/Ξ”1cocart\textstyle{\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cocart}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Cat∞/Ξ”1\textstyle{\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}}

in which Cat∞/Ξ”1cocartβŠ‚Cat∞/Ξ”1\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cocart}}\subset\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}} (respectively, Cat∞/Ξ”1cart,ffβŠ‚Cat∞/Ξ”1\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart,ff}}\subset\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}) denote the subcategories of cocartesian fibrations (respectively, cartesian fibrations whose straightenings are fully faithful) and functors which preserve cocartesian (respectively, cartesian) edges.

Since Cat∞perfβŠ†Cat∞\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf}\subseteq\Cat_{\infty} is an accessible functor between accessible ∞\infty-categories, it suffices, using theΒ [52, 5.4.4.3, 5.4.5.16, 5.4.6.6] and the duality between cartesian and cocartesian fibrations, to show that Cat∞/Ξ”1cart,ff\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart,ff}} is accessible, and that the inclusions Cat∞/Ξ”1cart,ffβŠ†Cat∞/Ξ”1cartβŠ†Cat∞/Ξ”1\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart,ff}}\subseteq\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart}}\subseteq\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}} are accessible functors. The straightening functor gives an equivalence Cat∞/Ξ”1cart≃PreCatβˆžβ€‹(Ξ”1)\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart}}\simeq\mathrm{Pre}_{\Cat_{\infty}}(\Delta^{1}) between cartesian fibrations over Ξ”1\Delta^{1} and presheaves of ∞\infty-categories on Ξ”1\Delta^{1}Β [52, 3.2.0.1].

In order to understand the condition of being fully faithful, we write Cat∞\Cat_{\infty} as an accessible localization CatβˆžβŠ†Pre⁑(N⁑(Ξ”))\Cat_{\infty}\subseteq\mathrm{Pre}(\mathrm{N}(\Delta)) of simplicial spacesΒ [47]. A functor is fully faithful when the corresponding map of (local) simplicial spaces is fully faithful, and recall that a map of simplicial spaces j:Xβ†’Yj\colon X\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}Y is fully faithful if and only if map⁑(Ξ”1,X)β†’map⁑(βˆ‚Ξ”1,X)Γ—map⁑(βˆ‚Ξ”1,Y)map⁑(Ξ”1,Y)\map(\Delta^{1},X)\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\map(\partial\Delta^{1},X)\times_{\map(\partial\Delta^{1},Y)}\map(\Delta^{1},Y) is an equivalence. It follows that Cat∞/Ξ”1cart,ff\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart,ff}} is the accessible localization of Pre⁑(Ξ”1Γ—N⁑(Ξ”))\mathrm{Pre}(\Delta^{1}\times\mathrm{N}(\Delta)) obtained by also inverting the pushout product of IdΞ”1\Id_{\Delta^{1}} and βˆ‚Ξ”1β†’Ξ”1\partial\Delta^{1}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Delta^{1}. Thus Cat∞/Ξ”1cart,ff\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart,ff}} and Cat∞/Ξ”1cart,ffβŠ†Cat∞/Ξ”1cart\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart,ff}}\subseteq\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart}} are accessible.

Finally, it remains to show that the inclusion Cat∞/Ξ”1cartβŠ†Cat∞/Ξ”1\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart}}\subseteq\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}} is accessible. First, observe that finite limits commute with filtered colimits in Cat∞\Cat_{\infty}, as Catβˆžβ‰ƒInd⁑(CatβˆžΟ‰)\Cat_{\infty}\simeq\Ind(\Cat_{\infty}^{\omega}) is compactly generated, the inclusion Ind⁑(CatβˆžΟ‰)βŠ†Pre⁑(CatβˆžΟ‰)\Ind(\Cat_{\infty}^{\omega})\subseteq\mathrm{Pre}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\omega}) preserves limits and filtered colimits [52, 5.3.5.3], and finite limits commute with filtered colimits in presheaf ∞\infty-categories (this uses [52, 5.3.3.3] and the fact that (co)limits in presheaf ∞\infty-categories are computed objectwise). It follows that the filtered colimit π’žβ‰ƒcolimiβ‘π’ži\mathcal{C}\simeq\colim_{i}\mathcal{C}_{i} of cartesian fibrations pi:π’žiβ†’Ξ”1p_{i}\colon\mathcal{C}_{i}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Delta^{1}, computed in Cat∞\Cat_{\infty}, is itself a cartesian fibration p:π’žβ†’Ξ”1p\colon\mathcal{C}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Delta^{1}; indeed, the inclusions π’žiβ†’π’ž\mathcal{C}_{i}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\mathcal{C} preserve cartesian edges over IdΞ”1\Id_{\Delta^{1}}, and inspection of the fibers

π’žΓ—Ξ”1Ξ”0≃(colimβ‘π’ži)Γ—Ξ”1Ξ”0≃colim⁑(π’žiΓ—Ξ”1Ξ”0)\mathcal{C}\times_{\Delta^{1}}\Delta^{0}\simeq(\colim\mathcal{C}_{i})\times_{\Delta^{1}}\Delta^{0}\simeq\colim(\mathcal{C}_{i}\times_{\Delta^{1}}\Delta^{0})

over each vertex Ξ”0β†’Ξ”1\Delta^{0}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Delta^{1} shows that p:π’žβ†’Ξ”1p\colon\mathcal{C}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Delta^{1} is also the colimit in Cat∞/Ξ”1cart\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart}}. ∎

5.5. Strict-exact sequences

0NMN

Definition 5.28. An exact sequence of small stable ∞\infty-categories of the form

(5.29) π’œβŸΆβ„¬βŸΆβ„¬/π’œ{\mathcal{A}}\longrightarrow{\mathcal{B}}\longrightarrow{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}}

is called strict-exact if π’œβ†’β„¬{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} is the inclusion of a full subcategory and any object of ℬ{\mathcal{B}} which is a summand of an object of π’œ{\mathcal{A}} is also in π’œ{\mathcal{A}}. In particular, every split-exact sequence (see definitionΒ 5.18) is equivalent to a strict-exact exact sequence.

We denote by β„°wLΞΊΒ―\underline{{\mathcal{E}}_{\mathrm{wL}}^{\kappa}} a set of representatives of strict-exact sequences π’œβ†’β„¬β†’β„¬/π’œ{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}} with ℬ{\mathcal{B}} in (Cat∞ex)ΞΊ(\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex})^{\kappa}.

0NMP

Proposition 5.30. Any strict-exact sequence π’œβ†’β„¬β†’β„¬/π’œ{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}} is a ΞΊ\kappa-filtered colimit of strict-exact sequences π’œΞ±β†’β„¬Ξ±β†’β„¬Ξ±/π’œΞ±{\mathcal{A}}_{\alpha}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}_{\alpha}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}_{\alpha}/{\mathcal{A}}_{\alpha} in β„°wLΞΊΒ―\underline{{\mathcal{E}}_{\mathrm{wL}}^{\kappa}}.

0NMQ

Proof. Write ℬ≃colimα⁑ℬα{\mathcal{B}}\simeq\colim_{\alpha}{\mathcal{B}}_{\alpha} as a ΞΊ\kappa-filtered colimit of ΞΊ\kappa-compact stable ∞\infty-categories ℬα{\mathcal{B}}_{\alpha}, and define π’œΞ±=π’œΓ—β„¬β„¬Ξ±{\mathcal{A}}_{\alpha}={\mathcal{A}}\times_{\mathcal{B}}{\mathcal{B}}_{\alpha} to be the full subcategory of π’œ{\mathcal{A}} consisting of those objects of π’œ{\mathcal{A}} which lie in the image of ℬα{\mathcal{B}}_{\alpha}. Evidently, π’œβ†’β„¬β†’β„¬/π’œ{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}/{\mathcal{A}} is the ΞΊ\kappa-filtered colimit of the exact sequences π’œΞ±β†’β„¬Ξ±β†’β„¬Ξ±/π’œΞ±{\mathcal{A}}_{\alpha}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}_{\alpha}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}_{\alpha}/{\mathcal{A}}_{\alpha}, and π’œΞ±β†’β„¬Ξ±β†’β„¬Ξ±/π’œΞ±{\mathcal{A}}_{\alpha}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}_{\alpha}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}_{\alpha}/{\mathcal{A}}_{\alpha} is strict-exact because if Yβˆˆβ„¬Ξ±Y\in{\mathcal{B}}_{\alpha} is a summand of Xβˆˆπ’œΞ±X\in{\mathcal{A}}_{\alpha} then Yβˆˆπ’œΞ±Y\in{\mathcal{A}}_{\alpha} because the image of YY in ℬ{\mathcal{B}} lies in π’œ{\mathcal{A}}. ∎

We denote by β„°LΞΊ{\mathcal{E}}^{\kappa}_{\mathrm{L}} a set of representatives of maps of the form π’œβ†’Idem⁑(π’œ){\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Idem({\mathcal{A}}) with π’œ{\mathcal{A}} in (Cat∞ex)ΞΊ(\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex})^{\kappa}.

0NMR

Proposition 5.31. Any map of the form π’œβ†’Idem⁑(π’œ){\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Idem({\mathcal{A}}) is a ΞΊ\kappa-filtered colimit of elements of β„°LΞΊ{\mathcal{E}}^{\kappa}_{\mathrm{L}}.

0NMS

Proof. Write π’œβ‰ƒcolimΞ±β‘π’œΞ±{\mathcal{A}}\simeq\colim_{\alpha}{\mathcal{A}}_{\alpha} as a ΞΊ\kappa-filtered colimit of ΞΊ\kappa-compact small stable ∞\infty-categories π’œΞ±{\mathcal{A}}_{\alpha}. Then Idem⁑(π’œ)≃colimα⁑Idem⁑(π’œΞ±)\Idem({\mathcal{A}})\simeq\colim_{\alpha}\Idem({\mathcal{A}}_{\alpha}), since Idem\Idem (viewed as an endofunctor of Cat∞ex\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex}) commutes with ΞΊ\kappa-filtered colimits β€” this follows from the characterization of Idem\Idem in terms of a subcategory of the Ind\Ind category [52, 5.4.2.4] and the fact that filtered colimits in Cat∞ex\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex} can be computed in Cat∞\Cat_{\infty} [53, 1.1.4.6]. ∎

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source collection and HTML conversion remain in progress.

Andrew J. Blumberg, David Gepner, Goncalo Tabuada

Original source: arXiv:1001.2282v4