ScalingStacks

5.4. Approximating split-exact sequences

In order to localize with respect to the (split-) exact sequences, we need to be able to choose a set of representatives which generate them under filtered colimits.

0NME

Lemma 5.23. The full subcategory (Cat∞perf)ω⊂Cat∞perf(\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf})^{\omega}\subset\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf} of compact small stable idempotent-complete ∞\infty-categories is essentially small.

0NMF

Proof. The result follows from the fact that Cat∞perf\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf} is an accessible localization of Cat∞ex\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex}, and Cat∞ex\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex} itself is an accessible localization of the finitely presentable ∞\infty-category of small spectral categories via theorem 1.10. ∎

This has the following immediate and essential corollary:

0NMG

Corollary 5.24. For any regular cardinal κ\kappa, there exists a set ℰ{\mathcal{E}} of representatives of split-exact sequences of κ\kappa-compact small idempotent-complete stable ∞\infty-categories.

It is straightforward to see that filtered colimits of exact sequences of such ∞\infty-categories are exact.

0NMH

Lemma 5.25. Given a filtered diagram of exact sequences 𝒜α→ℬα→𝒞α{\mathcal{A}}_{\alpha}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}_{\alpha}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}}_{\alpha} of compact idempotent-complete small stable ∞\infty-categories, the colimit 𝒜→ℬ→𝒞{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} is an exact sequence of idempotent-complete small stable ∞\infty-categories; that is, 𝒜→ℬ{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} is fully faithful with cofiber 𝒞{\mathcal{C}}.

0NMI

Proof. This follows from the fact that the filtered colimit of fully faithful functors is a fully faithful functor and that the cofiber of a filtered colimit of fully faithful functors is equivalent to the filtered colimit of the cofibers. ∎

The ∞\infty-category of ∞\infty-categories equipped with a localization,

Loc⁡(Cat∞)⊆Fun⁡(Δ1,Cat∞),\mathrm{Loc}(\Cat_{\infty})\subseteq\mathrm{Fun}(\Delta^{1},\Cat_{\infty}),

is the subcategory of those functors g:ℬ→𝒞g:{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} such that gg admits a right adjoint jj with g∘j≃Id𝒞g\circ j\simeq\Id_{\mathcal{C}}, and maps those transformations which also commute with the adjoint. We have obvious analogues Loc⁡(Cat∞ex)\mathrm{Loc}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex}) and Loc⁡(Cat∞perf)\mathrm{Loc}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf}), and in the stable setting a localization is part of the data of a split-exact sequence. We write

Split⁡(Cat∞ex)⊆Fun⁡(Δ2,Cat∞ex)\mathrm{Split}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex})\subseteq\mathrm{Fun}(\Delta^{2},\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex})

for the subcategory consisting of those diagrams 𝒜​→𝑓​ℬ​→𝑔​𝒞{\mathcal{A}}\overset{f}{\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}}{\mathcal{B}}\overset{g}{\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}}{\mathcal{C}} of small stable ∞\infty-categories such that g∘f≃0g\circ f\simeq 0, ff is fully faithful with cofiber gg, ff admits a right adjoint ii with Id𝒜≃i∘f\Id_{\mathcal{A}}\simeq i\circ f, and gg admits a right adjoint jj with g∘j≃Id𝒞g\circ j\simeq\Id_{\mathcal{C}}; maps are those transformations

𝒜\textstyle{{\mathcal{A}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}f\scriptstyle{f}α\scriptstyle{\alpha}ℬ\textstyle{{\mathcal{B}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}g\scriptstyle{g}β\scriptstyle{\beta}𝒞\textstyle{{\mathcal{C}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}γ\scriptstyle{\gamma}𝒜′\textstyle{{\mathcal{A}}^{\prime}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}f′\scriptstyle{f^{\prime}}ℬ′\textstyle{{\mathcal{B}}^{\prime}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}g′\scriptstyle{g^{\prime}}𝒞′\textstyle{{\mathcal{C}}^{\prime}}

which also commute with the adjoints, i.e., α∘i≃i′∘β\alpha\circ i\simeq i^{\prime}\circ\beta and β∘j≃j′∘γ\beta\circ j\simeq j^{\prime}\circ\gamma.

0NMJ

Proposition 5.26. The functors Split⁡(Cat∞ex)→Loc⁡(Cat∞ex)\mathrm{Split}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Loc}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\ex}) and Split⁡(Cat∞perf)→Loc⁡(Cat∞perf)\mathrm{Split}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Loc}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf}), induced by the inclusion Δ1≅Δ{1,2}→Δ2\Delta^{1}\cong\Delta^{\{1,2\}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Delta^{2}, are equivalences.

0NMK

Proof. First observe that a split-exact sequence 𝒜​→𝑓​ℬ​→𝑔​𝒞{\mathcal{A}}\overset{f}{\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}}{\mathcal{B}}\overset{g}{\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}}{\mathcal{C}} is completely determined by the projection g:ℬ→𝒞g:{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{C}} together with its section j:𝒞→ℬj:{\mathcal{C}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}. This is because f:𝒜→ℬf:{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}} is the fiber of gg, which we may identify with the full subcategory of ℬ{\mathcal{B}} spanned by the b∈ℬb\in{\mathcal{B}} such that g⁡(b)≃0g(b)\simeq 0, and, since ff is fully faithful, i:ℬ→𝒜i:{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{A}} is determined by the composite f∘i:ℬ→𝒜→ℬf\circ i:{\mathcal{B}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{A}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}, the fiber

f∘i⟶idℬ⟶j∘gf\circ i\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\id_{{\mathcal{B}}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}j\circ g

of the unit map of the adjunction (g,j)(g,j). Hence Split⁡(Cat∞perf)→Loc⁡(Cat∞perf)\mathrm{Split}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf})\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Loc}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf}) has contractible (homotopy) fibers and is therefore and equivalence. ∎

0NML

Proposition 5.27. The ∞\infty-category Split⁡(Cat∞perf)\mathrm{Split}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf}) of split-exact sequences of small stable ∞\infty-categories is accessible. In particular, there exists a cardinal κ\kappa such that any split-exact sequence in Cat∞perf\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf} is a κ\kappa-filtered (and hence filtered) colimit of κ\kappa-compact split-exact sequences in Cat∞perf\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf}.

0NMM

Proof. By proposition 5.26, we may equivalently show that Loc⁡(Cat∞perf)\mathrm{Loc}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf}) is accessible. Recall that an adjunction of ∞\infty-categories can be described as a map ℳ→Δ1{\mathcal{M}}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Delta^{1} which is both a cocartesian fibration and a cartesian fibration [52, 5.2.2.1]. This leads us to consider the commutative diagram of pullback squares

Loc⁡(Cat∞perf)\textstyle{\mathrm{Loc}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Loc⁡(Cat∞)\textstyle{\mathrm{Loc}(\Cat_{\infty})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Cat∞/Δ1cart,ff\textstyle{\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart,ff}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Fun⁡(Δ1,Cat∞perf)\textstyle{\mathrm{Fun}(\Delta^{1},\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Cat∞/Δ1cocart\textstyle{\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cocart}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Cat∞/Δ1\textstyle{\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}}

in which Cat∞/Δ1cocart⊂Cat∞/Δ1\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cocart}}\subset\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}} (respectively, Cat∞/Δ1cart,ff⊂Cat∞/Δ1\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart,ff}}\subset\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}) denote the subcategories of cocartesian fibrations (respectively, cartesian fibrations whose straightenings are fully faithful) and functors which preserve cocartesian (respectively, cartesian) edges.

Since Cat∞perf⊆Cat∞\Cat_{\infty}^{\perf}\subseteq\Cat_{\infty} is an accessible functor between accessible ∞\infty-categories, it suffices, using the [52, 5.4.4.3, 5.4.5.16, 5.4.6.6] and the duality between cartesian and cocartesian fibrations, to show that Cat∞/Δ1cart,ff\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart,ff}} is accessible, and that the inclusions Cat∞/Δ1cart,ff⊆Cat∞/Δ1cart⊆Cat∞/Δ1\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart,ff}}\subseteq\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart}}\subseteq\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}} are accessible functors. The straightening functor gives an equivalence Cat∞/Δ1cart≃PreCat∞​(Δ1)\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart}}\simeq\mathrm{Pre}_{\Cat_{\infty}}(\Delta^{1}) between cartesian fibrations over Δ1\Delta^{1} and presheaves of ∞\infty-categories on Δ1\Delta^{1} [52, 3.2.0.1].

In order to understand the condition of being fully faithful, we write Cat∞\Cat_{\infty} as an accessible localization Cat∞⊆Pre⁡(N⁡(Δ))\Cat_{\infty}\subseteq\mathrm{Pre}(\mathrm{N}(\Delta)) of simplicial spaces [47]. A functor is fully faithful when the corresponding map of (local) simplicial spaces is fully faithful, and recall that a map of simplicial spaces j:X→Yj\colon X\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}Y is fully faithful if and only if map⁡(Δ1,X)→map⁡(∂Δ1,X)×map⁡(∂Δ1,Y)map⁡(Δ1,Y)\map(\Delta^{1},X)\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\map(\partial\Delta^{1},X)\times_{\map(\partial\Delta^{1},Y)}\map(\Delta^{1},Y) is an equivalence. It follows that Cat∞/Δ1cart,ff\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart,ff}} is the accessible localization of Pre⁡(Δ1×N⁡(Δ))\mathrm{Pre}(\Delta^{1}\times\mathrm{N}(\Delta)) obtained by also inverting the pushout product of IdΔ1\Id_{\Delta^{1}} and ∂Δ1→Δ1\partial\Delta^{1}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Delta^{1}. Thus Cat∞/Δ1cart,ff\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart,ff}} and Cat∞/Δ1cart,ff⊆Cat∞/Δ1cart\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart,ff}}\subseteq\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart}} are accessible.

Finally, it remains to show that the inclusion Cat∞/Δ1cart⊆Cat∞/Δ1\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart}}\subseteq\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}} is accessible. First, observe that finite limits commute with filtered colimits in Cat∞\Cat_{\infty}, as Cat∞≃Ind⁡(Cat∞ω)\Cat_{\infty}\simeq\Ind(\Cat_{\infty}^{\omega}) is compactly generated, the inclusion Ind⁡(Cat∞ω)⊆Pre⁡(Cat∞ω)\Ind(\Cat_{\infty}^{\omega})\subseteq\mathrm{Pre}(\Cat_{\infty}^{\omega}) preserves limits and filtered colimits [52, 5.3.5.3], and finite limits commute with filtered colimits in presheaf ∞\infty-categories (this uses [52, 5.3.3.3] and the fact that (co)limits in presheaf ∞\infty-categories are computed objectwise). It follows that the filtered colimit 𝒞≃colimi⁡𝒞i\mathcal{C}\simeq\colim_{i}\mathcal{C}_{i} of cartesian fibrations pi:𝒞i→Δ1p_{i}\colon\mathcal{C}_{i}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Delta^{1}, computed in Cat∞\Cat_{\infty}, is itself a cartesian fibration p:𝒞→Δ1p\colon\mathcal{C}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Delta^{1}; indeed, the inclusions 𝒞i→𝒞\mathcal{C}_{i}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\mathcal{C} preserve cartesian edges over IdΔ1\Id_{\Delta^{1}}, and inspection of the fibers

𝒞×Δ1Δ0≃(colim⁡𝒞i)×Δ1Δ0≃colim⁡(𝒞i×Δ1Δ0)\mathcal{C}\times_{\Delta^{1}}\Delta^{0}\simeq(\colim\mathcal{C}_{i})\times_{\Delta^{1}}\Delta^{0}\simeq\colim(\mathcal{C}_{i}\times_{\Delta^{1}}\Delta^{0})

over each vertex Δ0→Δ1\Delta^{0}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Delta^{1} shows that p:𝒞→Δ1p\colon\mathcal{C}\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}\Delta^{1} is also the colimit in Cat∞/Δ1cart\Cat_{\infty/\Delta^{1}}^{\mathrm{cart}}. ∎

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source collection and HTML conversion remain in progress.

Andrew J. Blumberg, David Gepner, Goncalo Tabuada

Original source: arXiv:1001.2282v4