Lemma 3.18. For a symmetric monoidal -category which is -presentable, factorization homology valued in satisfies -excision: for any -algebra in , and for any collar-gluing among -framed -manifolds, the canonical morphism in
is an equivalence.
We prove that factorization homology satisfies -excision. We do this as an instance of a general paradigm: pushforward.
The following technical lemma is the crux of the later results of this paper. An earlier treatment, not in terms of the pushforward, is in [Fra2]; a generalization of this result to structured stratified spaces is given in Β§2 ofΒ [AFT2]. We state the the lemma now, and prove it at the end of this section.
Lemma 3.18. For a symmetric monoidal -category which is -presentable, factorization homology valued in satisfies -excision: for any -algebra in , and for any collar-gluing among -framed -manifolds, the canonical morphism in
is an equivalence.
We give the following example to indicate the utility of -excision as well as some intuition about how factorization homology behaves. SeeΒ [Lu2] for a different proof of the following result.
Theorem 3.19. For an associative algebra in a symmetric monoidal -category which is -presentable, there is an equivalence
between the factorization homology of the circle with coefficients in and the Hochschild complex of .
Proof. Regard the associative algebra as a symmetric monoidal functor , as in SectionΒ 3.2. Consider the standard collar-gluing by hemispheres. LemmaΒ 3.18, which states that factorization homology staisfies -excision, determines the first of the equivalences in the expression:
The second equivalence is by inspecting values, and the final equivalence is definitional.
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The next definition makes use of the multi-functor of ConstructionΒ 2.21 associated to each continuous map for which each of the restrictions, and , are manifold bundles.
Definition 3.20. Let be an -framed -manifold, and let be an oriented -manifold, possibly with boundary. For a map such that the restrictions of over each of the interior of and of the boundary of is a fiber bundle, the -category is the limit of the diagram among -categories
where is the -category of functors .
Informally, consists of compatible triples such that: is an open submanifold of that is homeomorphic to a disjoint union of Euclidean spaces; is an open submanifold of that is homeomorphic to a disjoint union of Euclidean spaces; the embedding is compatible with the embeddings and . The relevance of the -category is the following technical result.
Lemma 3.21. In the situation of DefinitionΒ 3.20, the functor is final.
Proof. After LemmaΒ 2.5, it will suffice to prove the result for the case , and so we omit from the notation and discussion. The functor is a Cartesian fibration of -categories. Thus, to check finality, by Lemma 4.1.3.2 of [Lu1], it suffices to show that, for each , the fiber -category has contractible classifying space. That is, we show that the -category , of -disks in equipped with an embedding , has a contractible classifying space.
There is an identification of spaces
Formally, the sequence of maps
is a fiber sequence (here the fiber is taken over any implicit morphism , thereby giving meaning to the lefthand space). So we seek to show the map from the colimit
is an equivalence of spaces. We recognize this map of spaces as the map of fibers over of the map of right fibrations over :
Being right fibrations, it is enough to show that this functor is an equivalence on maximal -subgroupoids. Using LemmaΒ 2.12 which identifies these maximal -subgroupoids, this is the problem of showing, for each finite set , that the map of spaces
is an equivalence.
LemmaΒ 2.19 implies the functor is final, and so the forgetful map
is an equivalence of spaces. Now notice that, for each , the map an open embedding. Also, for each point the image has cardinality at most . So there is an object of whose image contains the subset . We see then that the collection of open embeddings
forms an open cover.
Because is a manifold, the collection of open embeddings from Euclidean spaces into form a basis for the topology of . It follows that the collection of (at most) -tuples of disjoint open disks in forms an open cover of in such a way that any finite intersection of such is again covered by such. This is to say that this collection of open embeddings forms a hypercover of . Corollary 1.6 ofΒ [DI] gives that the map
is an equivalence of spaces, which completes the proof.
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Here is an important technical property of the -category of disks over a manifold. (See also PropositionΒ 5.5.2.16 ofΒ [Lu2].)
Corollary 3.22. For a -framed -manifold, the -category is sifted.
Proof. The -category is evidently nonempty, as it contains the object . We must then prove that the diagonal functor is final. This diagonal functor fits into a diagram among -categories
that we now explain. The upper left -category is that of DefinitionΒ 3.20 applied to the fold map ; it is equipped with the indicated projection functors. The right vertical arrow is induced by the symmetric monoidal structure on , which is disjoint union. This right vertical arrow is an equivalence; an inverse is given by declaring its projection to each factor to be given by intersecting with the corresponding cofactor of the disjoint union. Therefore, to prove that the diagonal functor is final it is sufficient to prove that both of the projection functors and are final. The finality of is LemmaΒ 3.21.
We explain that is final. Note that the functor factors through the full -subcategory . As so, there is a canonical identification between -categories
over . Through this identification, the composite functor
determines a right adjoint to the functor . The finality of thereby follows.
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The pushforward property for factorization homology immediately follows from LemmaΒ 3.21, as the next result articulates. We will use the notation
for the composite functor, where is as in ConstructionΒ 2.21.
Proposition 3.23. Let be a -framed -manifold, an oriented -manifold, possibly with boundary, and a map which fibers over the interior and boundary of . For a -framed -disk algebra in , a symmetric monoidal -category which is -presentable, then the canonical morphism in
is an equivalence.
Proof. After PropositionΒ 3.9, we can assume that is equivalent to , and so we omit it from the notation and discussion. We will explain the string of canonical equivalences in :
The only equivalences that are not definitional areΒ (1) andΒ (2). The equivalenceΒ (2) is a direct application of LemmaΒ 3.21, which states that the functor is final. Consider the left Kan extension (non-commutative) diagram among -categories:
which exists because is presentable. By construction, the functor is a coCartesian fibration. In particular, for each object , the inclusion of the fiber into the over -category
is final. Therefore, the value of on is the colimit over the fiber:
So the colimit of is the codomain ofΒ (1). The equivalenceΒ (1) follows from PropositionΒ 4.3.3.7 ofΒ [Lu1], which implies the colimit of a left Kan extension agrees with the colimit because they both satisfy the same universal property.
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Proof of LemmaΒ 3.18. Given a collar-gluing , there are canonical morphisms in
The lefthand morphism is an equivalence by Lemma 3.12, which shows that factorization homology over the closed interval is equivalent to the bar construction, and inspection of the functor . The righthand morphism is an equivalence by Proposition 3.23, which grants that factorization homology pushes forward along .
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Original source: arXiv:1206.5522v6