ScalingStacks

3.1. Disk algebras

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Definition 3.1. The ∞\infty-category of π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡π–‘\disk_{n}^{B}-algebras in 𝒱\mathcal{V}

π– π—…π—€π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡π–‘β‘(𝒱):=π–₯π—Žπ—‡βŠ—β‘(π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡π–‘,𝒱)\Alg_{\disk_{n}^{B}}(\mathcal{V})~:=~\Fun^{\otimes}(\disk^{B}_{n},\mathcal{V})

is the ∞\infty-category of symmetric monoidal functors.

There is the restricted Yoneda functor

𝔼:ℳ​𝖿𝗅𝖽nBβŸΆπ–―π–²π—π—β‘(ℳ​𝖿𝗅𝖽nB)βŸΆπ–―π–²π—π—β‘(π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡π–‘).\mathbb{E}\colon\mfld_{n}^{B}\longrightarrow\Psh(\mfld_{n}^{B})\longrightarrow\Psh(\disk_{n}^{B})~.
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Definition 3.2. Let MM be a BB-framed nn-manifold. Let AA be a π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡π–‘\disk_{n}^{B}-algebra in 𝒱\mathcal{V}. Factorization homology (of MM with coefficients in AA) is an object of 𝒱\mathcal{V} given by either of the equivalent expressions (provided they exist)

∫MA\displaystyle\int_{M}A :⁣=\displaystyle:= π–Όπ—ˆπ—…π—‚π—†(π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡/π–¬π–‘β†’π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡π–‘β†’π– π’±)\displaystyle\colim\bigl(\disk_{n/M}^{B}\to\disk_{n}^{B}\xrightarrow{A}\mathcal{V}\bigr)
≃\displaystyle\simeq 𝔼Mβ€‹β¨‚π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π–¬π–‘β€‹A,\displaystyle\mathbb{E}_{M}\underset{\disk_{M}^{B}}{\bigotimes}A~,

where the latter is the coend.

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Remark 3.3. The fact that one describes factorization homology as either a coend or a left Kan extension is exactly analogous to a more familiar fact about the geometric realizations of a simplicial set Xβˆ™X_{\bullet}: one can think of geometric realization as a coend (this is the usual definition, given as a quotient of ∐iXiΓ—Ξ”i\coprod_{i}X_{i}\times\Delta^{i}), or one can think of it as a left Kan extension (the colimit of the overcategory of simplices in Xβˆ™X_{\bullet} of the functor which sends the simplicial ii-simplex Δ⁑[i]\Delta[i] to the topological ii-simplex Ξ”i\Delta^{i}).

We will frequently make the following requirement of our target.

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Definition 3.4. We say symmetric monoidal ∞\oo-category 𝒱\mathcal{V} is βŠ—\otimes-presentable if it satisfies both of the following conditions.

  • β€’

    𝒱\mathcal{V} is presentable: with respect to an understood fixed uncountable cardinal, 𝒱\mathcal{V} admits colimits and every object is a filtered colimit of compact objects.

  • β€’

    The monoidal structure distributes over small colimits: for each object Vβˆˆπ’±V\in\mathcal{V}, the functor VβŠ—βˆ’:𝒱→𝒱V\otimes-\colon\mathcal{V}\to\mathcal{V} carries colimit diagrams to colimit diagrams.

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Example 3.5. The Cartesian monoidal ∞\oo-category (π–²π—‰π–Ίπ–Όπ–Ύπ—Œ,Γ—)(\spaces,\times) is βŠ—\otimes-presentable. Likewise, for RR a ring then (π–¬π—ˆπ–½R,βŠ—)\bigl({\sf Mod}_{R},\otimes\bigr), with tensor product relative RR, is βŠ—\otimes-presentable (though the opposite (π–¬π—ˆπ–½Rπ—ˆπ—‰,βŠ—)\bigl({\sf Mod}_{R}^{\op},\otimes\bigr) is not).

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Remark 3.6. The results of Section 3 (in particular, the Eilenberg–Steenrod axioms for factorization homology) only require that the monoidal structure distributes over sifted colimits; these results are established in this generality, though with a smooth structure present, inΒ Β§2 ofΒ [AFT2]. However, the calculations of Section 4 onwards require the monoidal structure to distribute over all colimits, so for simplicity of exposition we enforce this stronger hypothesis throughout.

The fully faithful symmetric monoidal functor ΞΉ:π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡π–‘β†ͺℳ​𝖿𝗅𝖽nB\iota\colon\disk_{n}^{B}\hookrightarrow\mfld_{n}^{B} gives the restriction functor

π– π—…π—€π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡π–‘β‘(𝒱)⟡π–₯π—Žπ—‡βŠ—β‘(ℳ​𝖿𝗅𝖽nB,𝒱):ΞΉβˆ—.\Alg_{\disk_{n}^{B}}(\mathcal{V})~\longleftarrow~\Fun^{\otimes}\bigl(\mfld_{n}^{B},\mathcal{V}\bigr)\colon\iota^{\ast}~.

The next result identifies factorization homology as a left adjoint to this functor, provided 𝒱\mathcal{V} is βŠ—\otimes-presentable.

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Proposition 3.7. Provided 𝒱\mathcal{V} is βŠ—\otimes-presentable, there is a left adjoint

ΞΉ!:π– π—…π—€π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡π–‘(𝒱)⇄π–₯π—Žπ—‡βŠ—(ℳ​𝖿𝗅𝖽nB,𝒱):ΞΉβˆ—,\iota_{!}\colon\Alg_{\disk_{n}^{B}}(\mathcal{V})~\rightleftarrows~\Fun^{\otimes}\bigl(\mfld_{n}^{B},\mathcal{V}\bigr)\colon\iota^{\ast}~,

and its value on AA evaluates as

ΞΉ!(A):Mβ†¦βˆ«MA.\iota_{!}(A)\colon M\mapsto\int_{M}A~.
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Proof. Presentability of 𝒱\mathcal{V} grants the existence of the values ∫MA\int_{M}A. Lemma 4.3.2.13 ofΒ [Lu1] states that these expressions define a functor, as indicated. Proposition 4.3.3.7 ofΒ [Lu1] states that this functor satisfies the universal property of being a left adjoint to the restriction ΞΉβˆ—\iota^{\ast}. We thus have the solid diagram among ∞\infty-categories

π– π—…π—€π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡π–‘β‘(𝒱)\textstyle{\Alg_{\disk_{n}^{B}}(\mathcal{V})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}π–₯π—Žπ—‡βŠ—β‘(ℳ​𝖿𝗅𝖽nB,𝒱)\textstyle{\Fun^{\otimes}\bigl(\mfld_{n}^{B},\mathcal{V}\bigr)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}π–₯π—Žπ—‡β‘(π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡π–‘,𝒱)\textstyle{\Fun(\disk_{n}^{B},\mathcal{V})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}ΞΉ!\scriptstyle{\iota_{!}}π–₯π—Žπ—‡β‘(ℳ​𝖿𝗅𝖽nB,𝒱)\textstyle{\Fun(\mfld_{n}^{B},\mathcal{V})}

in which the downward functors are restriction to underlying ∞\infty-categories, these downward functors are fully faithful. It remains to explain how the βŠ—\otimes-presentability of 𝒱\mathcal{V} grants the existence of the dashed horizontal functor making the diagram commute.

We must show that, for each symmetric monoidal functor A:π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡π–‘β†’π’±A\colon\disk_{n}^{B}\to\mathcal{V}, and for each based map among finite sets I+→𝑓J+I_{+}\xrightarrow{f}J_{+}, the diagram of ∞\infty-categories

(ℳ​𝖿𝗅𝖽nB)I\textstyle{(\mfld_{n}^{B})^{I}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}fβˆ—\scriptstyle{f_{\ast}}(ΞΉ!A)I\scriptstyle{(\iota_{!}A)^{I}}𝒱I\textstyle{\mathcal{V}^{I}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}fβˆ—\scriptstyle{f_{\ast}}(ℳ​𝖿𝗅𝖽nB)J\textstyle{(\mfld_{n}^{B})^{J}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}(ΞΉ!A)J\scriptstyle{(\iota_{!}A)^{J}}𝒱J\textstyle{\mathcal{V}^{J}}

commutes. The map f:I+β†’J+f\colon I_{+}\to J_{+} is canonically a composition of a surjective active map fπ—Œπ—Žπ—‹π—ƒf^{\sf surj} followed by an injective active map f𝗂𝗇𝗃f^{\sf inj} followed by an inert map f𝗂𝗇𝗋𝗍f^{\sf inrt}, and so it is enough to verify commutativity of the above diagram for each such class of maps. The case of inert maps is obvious, because then fβˆ—f_{\ast} is projection and (ΞΉ!A)K(\iota_{!}A)^{K} is defined as the KK-fold product of functors, for K=I,JK=I,J. The case of injective active maps amounts to verifying that ΞΉ!A\iota_{!}A carries each monoidal unit to a monoidal unit. This follows because AA does so and because the over ∞\infty-categories π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡/βˆ…π–‘={βˆ…}=ℳ​𝖿𝗅𝖽n/βˆ…B\disk_{n/\emptyset}^{B}=\{\emptyset\}=\mfld_{n/\emptyset}^{B} consist solely of the empty manifold, which is the monoidal unity.

The case of surjective active maps follows from the case that f:I+β†’βˆ—+f\colon I_{+}\to\ast_{+} is given by +β‰ iβ†¦βˆ—+\neq i\mapsto\ast, so that fβˆ—=⨂If_{\ast}=\bigotimes^{I} is the II-fold tensor product. Well, because AA is symmetric monoidal, there is a canonical arrow ΞΉ!Aβˆ˜β¨‚IβŸΆβ¨‚I∘(ΞΉ!A)I\iota_{!}A\circ\bigotimes^{I}\longrightarrow\bigotimes^{I}\circ(\iota_{!}A)^{I} between functors (ℳ​𝖿𝗅𝖽nB)I→𝒱(\mfld_{n}^{B})^{I}\to\mathcal{V} that we will argue is an equivalence. This arrow evaluates on (Mi)i∈I(M_{i})_{i\in I} as the horizontal one in the following natural diagram in 𝒱\mathcal{V}:

π–Όπ—ˆπ—…π—‚π—†(π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡/β¨†π—‚βˆˆπ–¨β€‹π–¬π—‚π–‘β†’π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡π–‘β†’π– π’±)\textstyle{\colim\bigl(\disk^{B}_{n/\underset{i\in I}{\bigsqcup}M_{i}}\to\disk_{n}^{B}\xrightarrow{A}\mathcal{V}\bigr)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}⨂i∈Iπ–Όπ—ˆπ—…π—‚π—†(π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡/π–¬π—‚π–‘β†’π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡π–‘β†’π– π’±)\textstyle{\underset{i\in I}{\bigotimes}\colim\bigl(\disk^{B}_{n/M_{i}}\to\disk_{n}^{B}\xrightarrow{A}\mathcal{V}\bigr)}π–Όπ—ˆπ—…π—‚π—†(βˆπ—‚βˆˆπ–¨β€‹π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡/𝖬𝗂𝖑→(π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡π–‘)𝖨→𝖠𝖨𝒱𝖨→⨂𝖨𝒱)\textstyle{\colim\Bigl(\underset{i\in I}{\prod}\disk^{B}_{n/M_{i}}\to(\disk_{n}^{B})^{I}\xrightarrow{A^{I}}\mathcal{V}^{I}\xrightarrow{\bigotimes^{I}}\mathcal{V}\Bigr)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}(βˆ—)\scriptstyle{(\ast)}(†)\scriptstyle{(\dagger)}.

The arrow labeled byΒ (†\dagger) is an equivalence precisely because VβŠ—βˆ’:𝒱→𝒱V\otimes-\colon\mathcal{V}\to\mathcal{V} preserves colimits. By inspection, the II-fold disjoint union functor ⨆I:∏i∈Iπ’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡/π–¬π—‚π–‘β†’β‰ƒπ’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡/β¨†π—‚βˆˆπ–¨β€‹π–¬π—‚π–‘\bigsqcup^{I}\colon\prod_{i\in I}\disk^{B}_{n/M_{i}}\xrightarrow{\simeq}\disk^{B}_{n/\underset{i\in I}{\bigsqcup}M_{i}} is an equivalence between ∞\infty-categories, for it is essentially surjective and fully faithful. It follows that the arrow labeled byΒ (βˆ—\ast) is an equivalence, after observing the following commutative diagram among ∞\infty-categories:

∏i∈Iβ€‹π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡/𝖬𝗂𝖑\textstyle{\underset{i\in I}{\prod}\disk^{B}_{n/M_{i}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}⨆I\scriptstyle{\bigsqcup^{I}}π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡/β¨†π—‚βˆˆπ–¨β€‹π–¬π—‚π–‘\textstyle{\disk^{B}_{n/\underset{i\in I}{\bigsqcup}M_{i}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}(π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡π–‘)𝖨\textstyle{(\disk^{B}_{n})^{I}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}⨆I\scriptstyle{\bigsqcup^{I}}AI\scriptstyle{A^{I}}π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡π–‘\textstyle{\disk^{B}_{n}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}A\scriptstyle{A}𝒱I\textstyle{\mathcal{V}^{I}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}⨂I\scriptstyle{\bigotimes^{I}}𝒱.\textstyle{\mathcal{V}~.}

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Remark 3.8. PropositionΒ 3.7 implies factorization homology can be expressed as symmetric monoidal left Kan extension, at least when 𝒱\mathcal{V} is βŠ—\otimes-presentable. This is equivalent to operadic left Kan extension (after parsing Definitions 3.1.1.2 and 3.1.2.2 of [Lu2]), which is the definition of factorization homology, or topological chiral homology, given by Lurie (DefinitionΒ 5.5.2.6).

The following justifies the notational omission of the space BB from the notation ∫MA\int_{M}A.

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Proposition 3.9. Given a map Ο†:Bβ†’Bβ€²\varphi:B\rightarrow B^{\prime} of spaces over π–‘π–³π—ˆπ—‰β‘(𝗇)\BTop(n) and MM a BB-framed nn-manifold and AA a Bβ€²B^{\prime}-framed nn-disk algebra, composition with the map Ο†\varphi defines a Bβ€²B^{\prime}-framed nn-manifold φ​M\varphi M, and restriction along Ο†\varphi defines a BB-framed nn-disk algebra φ​A\varphi A. There is a natural equivalence

βˆ«Ο†β€‹MAβ‰ƒβˆ«Mφ​A\int_{\varphi M}A\simeq\int_{M}\varphi A

between the BB-framed and Bβ€²B^{\prime}-framed factorization homologies.

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Proof. It suffices to show that the forgetful functor π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡/π–¬π–‘β†’π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡/𝖬\disk_{n/M}^{B}\rightarrow\disk_{n/M} is an equivalence. By definition, this functor is the projection from the double overcategory:

π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡/𝖬𝖑:=(π’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡/𝖑)/π–¬βŸΆπ’Ÿβ€‹π—‚π—Œπ—„π—‡/𝖬.\disk_{n/M}^{B}~:=~(\disk_{n/B})_{/M}\longrightarrow\disk_{n/M}.

This functor is a pullback of the likewise functor ((π–²π—‰π–Ίπ–Όπ–Ύπ—Œ/π–‘π–³π—ˆπ—‰β‘(𝗇))/B)/Mβ†’(π–²π—‰π–Ίπ–Όπ–Ύπ—Œ/π–‘π–³π—ˆπ—‰β‘(𝗇))/M\bigl((\spaces_{/\BTop(n)})_{/B}\bigr)_{/M}\to(\spaces_{/\BTop(n)})_{/M}, which is an equivalence by LemmaΒ 2.5.

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Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source collection and HTML conversion remain in progress.

David Ayala, John Francis

Original source: arXiv:1206.5522v6