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4.3 (n−12)(n-\frac{1}{2})-connectedness[0M3H]

We begin by introducing an auxiliary notion that will be helpful in the study of nn-connectedness.

[0M33]

Definition 4.3.1. For every n≥−2n\geq-2, a morphism f:X→Yf\colon X\to Y is called (n−12)\left(n-\frac{1}{2}\right)-connected if the induced map τ≤n𝒞​(f):τ≤n𝒞​X→τ≤n𝒞​Y\tau_{\leq n}^{\mathcal{C}}\left(f\right)\colon\tau_{\leq n}^{\mathcal{C}}X\to\tau_{\leq n}^{\mathcal{C}}Y is an equivalence.

To justify the terminology we need to show that it indeed sits between nn and (n−1)\left(n-1\right)-connectedness, at least under some reasonable conditions. One direction is completely general:

[05YQ]

Lemma 4.3.2. Let n≥−2n\geq-2 and let 𝒞\mathcal{C} be a presentable ∞\infty-category. If a morphism f:A→Bf\colon A\to B is nn-connected, then it is (n−12)\left(n-\frac{1}{2}\right)-connected.

[05YR]

Proof. By the Yoneda lemma it is enough to show that for every nn-truncated object ZZ in 𝒞\mathcal{C} the induced map

f∗:Map⁡(B,Z)→Map⁡(A,Z)f_{*}\colon\operatorname{Map}\left(B,Z\right)\to\operatorname{Map}\left(A,Z\right)

is an equivalence. For this, it is enough to show that for every g:A→Zg\colon A\to Z, the fiber of f∗f_{*} over gg is contractible. By T.5.5.5.12, the fiber is equivalent to the space of lifts for the square

A\textstyle{A\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Z\textstyle{Z\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}B\textstyle{B\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}pt,\textstyle{\text{pt},}

which is contractible by definition as f:A→Bf\colon A\to B was assumed to be nn-connected. ∎

For the other direction, we need to assume that our ∞\infty-category is an mm-topos. First,

[05YS]

Lemma 4.3.3. Let 𝒞\mathcal{C} be an mm-topos for some −1≤m≤∞-1\leq m\leq\infty. For every dd-truncated morphism g:X→Yg\colon X\to Y, the diagram

X\textstyle{X\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}τ≤d+1𝒞​X\textstyle{\tau_{\leq d+1}^{\mathcal{C}}X\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Y\textstyle{Y\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}τ≤d+1𝒞​Y\textstyle{\tau_{\leq d+1}^{\mathcal{C}}Y}

is a pullback square.

[05YT]

Proof. For 𝒞=𝒮\mathcal{C}=\mathcal{S}, this follows from inspecting the induced map between the long exact sequences of homotopy groups associated with the vertical maps. For 𝒞=𝒮K\mathcal{C}=\mathcal{S}^{K}, this follows from the claim for 𝒮\mathcal{S}, since both truncation and pullbacks are computed level-wise. A general ∞\infty-topos is a left exact localization of 𝒮K\mathcal{S}^{K} for some KK, and left exact colimit-preserving functors between presentable ∞\infty-categories commute with truncation by T.5.5.6.28 and with pullbacks by assumption. Finally, by T.6.4.1.5 every mm-topos is the full subcategory on (m−1)\left(m-1\right)-truncated objects in an ∞\infty-topos and this full subcategory is closed under limits. ∎

From this we deduce

[05YU]

Lemma 4.3.4. Let n≥−2n\geq-2 and let 𝒞\mathcal{C} be an mm-topos for some −1≤m≤∞-1\leq m\leq\infty. If a morphism f:A→Bf\colon A\to B is (n+12)\left(n+\frac{1}{2}\right)-connected then it is nn-connected.

[05YV]

Proof. To show that f:A→Bf\colon A\to B is nn-connected, we need to show that the space of lifts for every square

A\textstyle{A\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}X\textstyle{X\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}B\textstyle{B\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Y,\textstyle{Y,}

in which the right vertical arrow is nn-truncated, is contractible. Applying 4.3.3 and 4.1.3, we see that this space is equivalent to the space of lifts in the square

A\textstyle{A\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}τ≤n+1𝒞​X\textstyle{\tau_{\leq n+1}^{\mathcal{C}}X\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}B\textstyle{B\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}τ≤n+1𝒞​Y,\textstyle{\tau_{\leq n+1}^{\mathcal{C}}Y,}

which, by 4.1.4, is equivalent to the space of lifts in the adjoint square

τ≤n+1𝒞​A\textstyle{\tau_{\leq n+1}^{\mathcal{C}}A\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}τ≤n+1𝒞​X\textstyle{\tau_{\leq n+1}^{\mathcal{C}}X\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}τ≤n+1𝒞​B\textstyle{\tau_{\leq n+1}^{\mathcal{C}}B\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}τ≤n+1𝒞​Y,\textstyle{\tau_{\leq n+1}^{\mathcal{C}}Y,}

which is contractible since the left vertical arrow is an equivalence. ∎

As a consequence, we obtain another sense in which (n−12)\left(n-\frac{1}{2}\right)-connected morphisms are “close” to being nn-connected:

[05YW]

Proposition 4.3.5. Let n≥−2n\geq-2 and let 𝒞\mathcal{C} be an mm-topos for some −1≤m≤∞-1\leq m\leq\infty. If a morphism f:A→Bf\colon A\to B in 𝒞\mathcal{C} is (n−12)\left(n-\frac{1}{2}\right)-connected and has a section (ie there exists s:B→As\colon B\to A such that f∘s∼IdBf\circ s\sim\operatorname{Id}_{B}), then ff is nn-connected.

[05YX]

Proof. We first prove the case of m=∞m=\infty. For n=−2n=-2, there is nothing to prove, and so we assume that n≥−1n\geq-1. Since f∘s=IdBf\circ s=\operatorname{Id}_{B} we get τ≤n𝒞​(f)∘τ≤n𝒞​(s)=IdB\tau_{\leq n}^{\mathcal{C}}\left(f\right)\circ\tau_{\leq n}^{\mathcal{C}}\left(s\right)=\operatorname{Id}_{B} and since τ≤n​(f)\tau_{\leq n}\left(f\right) is an equivalence, then so is τ≤n​(s)\tau_{\leq n}\left(s\right) and hence ss is (n−12)\left(n-\frac{1}{2}\right)-connected. By 4.3.4, ss is (n−1)\left(n-1\right)-connected and hence, by T.6.5.1.20, the map ff is nn-connected (note that nn-connective means (n−1)\left(n-1\right)-connected).

For a general mm, by T.6.4.1.5 there exists an ∞\infty-topos 𝒟\mathcal{D} and an equivalence 𝒞≃τ≤m−1​𝒟\mathcal{C}\simeq\tau_{\leq m-1}\mathcal{D}, and so we may identify 𝒞\mathcal{C} with the full subcategory of (m−1)\left(m-1\right)-truncated objects of 𝒟\mathcal{D}. If f:A→Bf\colon A\to B is (n−12)\left(n-\frac{1}{2}\right)-connected in 𝒞\mathcal{C}, then it is also (n−12)\left(n-\frac{1}{2}\right)-connected in 𝒟\mathcal{D}, since the restriction of τ≤n𝒟\tau_{\leq n}^{\mathcal{D}} to 𝒞\mathcal{C} is equivalent to τ≤n𝒞\tau_{\leq n}^{\mathcal{C}}. It follows from the case of m=∞m=\infty that ff is nn-connected in 𝒟\mathcal{D}. Since f=τ≤m−1𝒟​ff=\tau_{\leq m-1}^{\mathcal{D}}f and τ≤m−1𝒟\tau_{\leq m-1}^{\mathcal{D}} is a left adjoint functor, by 4.2.5 the map ff is also nn-connected as a map in 𝒞\mathcal{C}. ∎

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source collection and HTML conversion remain in progress.

Tomer Schlank, Lior Yanovski

Original source: arXiv:1808.06006v3

Original source · 1808.06006v3