ScalingStacks

4.1 Space of Lifts[0M3F]

[0M2Z]

Definition 4.1.1. (T.5.2.8.1) A commutative square in an ∞\infty-category π’ž\mathcal{C} is a map q:Ξ”1Γ—Ξ”1β†’π’žq\colon\Delta^{1}\times\Delta^{1}\to\mathcal{C}, which we write somewhat informally as

A\textstyle{A\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}X\textstyle{X\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}B\textstyle{B\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Y,\textstyle{Y,}

suppressing the homotopies. The space of lifts for qq is defined as follows. Restricting to the diagonal Ξ”1β†’Ξ”1Γ—Ξ”1\Delta^{1}\to\Delta^{1}\times\Delta^{1}, we get a morphism h:Aβ†’Yh\colon A\to Y in π’ž\mathcal{C}, which can be viewed as an object YΒ―\overline{Y} in the ∞\infty-category π’žA/\mathcal{C}_{A/}. The diagram qq can be encoded as a pair of objects B,Xβˆˆπ’žA//YΒ―B,X\in\mathcal{C}_{A//\overline{Y}} and the space of lifts for qq is given as the mapping space

L(q)=Mapπ’žA//YΒ―(BΒ―,XΒ―).L\left(q\right)=\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}_{A//\overline{Y}}}\left(\overline{B},\overline{X}\right).
[05YA]

Remark 4.1.2. Let us denote the horizontal morphisms in the above diagram by f:A→Xf\colon A\to X and g:B→Yg\colon B\to Y. By the dual of T.5.5.5.12 we have a homotopy fiber sequence

Mapπ’žA//YΒ―(B,X)β†’Mapπ’žA/(B,X)β†’Mapπ’žA/(B,Y)\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}_{A//\overline{Y}}}\left(B,X\right)\to\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}_{A/}}\left(B,X\right)\to\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}_{A/}}\left(B,Y\right)

over g∈Mapπ’žA/(B,Y)g\in\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}_{A/}}\left(B,Y\right). Using T.5.5.5.12 again for the middle and the right term we obtain a presentation of Mapπ’žA//YΒ―(B,X)\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}_{A//\overline{Y}}}\left(B,X\right) as the total fiber of the square

Mapπ’žβ‘(B,X)\textstyle{\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}}\left(B,X\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Mapπ’žβ‘(B,Y)\textstyle{\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}}\left(B,Y\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Mapπ’žβ‘(A,X)\textstyle{\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}}\left(A,X\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Mapπ’žβ‘(A,Y).\textstyle{\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}}\left(A,Y\right).}

In other words, we have a homotopy fiber sequence

L⁑(q)β†’Mapπ’žβ‘(B,X)β†’Mapπ’žβ‘(A,X)Γ—Mapπ’žβ‘(A,Y)hMapπ’žβ‘(B,Y)L\left(q\right)\to\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}}\left(B,X\right)\to\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}}\left(A,X\right)\times_{\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}}\left(A,Y\right)}^{h}\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}}\left(B,Y\right)

over the point determined by the diagram qq.

Another reasonable definition of the space of lifts is as follows. The inclusion Ξ”{0,1}Γ—Ξ”{0,2}β†ͺΞ”3\Delta^{\left\{0,1\right\}}\times\Delta^{\left\{0,2\right\}}\hookrightarrow\Delta^{3} induces a restriction map π’žΞ”3β†’π’žΞ”1Γ—Ξ”1\mathcal{C}^{\Delta^{3}}\to\mathcal{C}^{\Delta^{1}\times\Delta^{1}} and we can consider the (automatically homotopy) fiber over the vertex qβˆˆπ’žΞ”1Γ—Ξ”1q\in\mathcal{C}^{\Delta^{1}\times\Delta^{1}}, which is an ∞\infty-category. In T.5.2.8.22 it is proved that this ∞\infty-category is categorically equivalent to L⁑(q)L\left(q\right) (and in particular a Kan complex).

The next lemma shows that the space of lifts behaves well with respect to pullback and pushout.

[05YB]

Lemma 4.1.3. Given a commutative rectangle Ξ”1Γ—Ξ”2β†’π’ž\Delta^{1}\times\Delta^{2}\to\mathcal{C}, depicted as

A\textstyle{A\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}X\textstyle{X\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Z\textstyle{Z\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}B\textstyle{B\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Y\textstyle{Y\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}W,\textstyle{W,}

with left square qlq_{l}, right square qrq_{r}, and outer square qq,

  1. (1)

    If qrq_{r} is a pullback square, then we have a canonical equivalence L⁑(q)≃L⁑(ql)L\left(q\right)\simeq L\left(q_{l}\right).

  2. (2)

    If qlq_{l} is a pushout square, then we have a canonical equivalence L⁑(q)≃L⁑(qr)L\left(q\right)\simeq L\left(q_{r}\right).

[05YC]

Proof. By symmetry, it is enough to prove (1). Observe that the prism Ξ”1Γ—Ξ”2\Delta^{1}\times\Delta^{2} is a left cone on the simplicial set obtained by removing the initial vertex. Formally,

Ξ”1Γ—Ξ”2≃(Ξ”2Γ—Ξ”{1}βŠ”Ξ”{1,2}Γ—Ξ”{1}Ξ”{1,2}Γ—Ξ”1)⊲.\Delta^{1}\times\Delta^{2}\simeq\left(\Delta^{2}\times\Delta^{\left\{1\right\}}\sqcup_{\Delta^{\left\{1,2\right\}}\times\Delta^{\left\{1\right\}}}\Delta^{\left\{1,2\right\}}\times\Delta^{1}\right)^{\triangleleft}.

We can therefore interpret the rectangle as a diagram in π’žA/\mathcal{C}_{A/} (and hence ignore AA). Since the projection π’žA/β†’π’ž\mathcal{C}_{A/}\to\mathcal{C} preserves and reflects limits (dual of T.1.2.13.8), the square qrq_{r} is a pullback square in π’žA/\mathcal{C}_{A/}. The universal property of the pullback implies that we have a homotopy Cartesian square

Mapπ’žA/(B,X)\textstyle{\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}_{A/}}\left(B,X\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Mapπ’žA/(B,Z)\textstyle{\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}_{A/}}\left(B,Z\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Mapπ’žA/(B,Y)\textstyle{\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}_{A/}}\left(B,Y\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Mapπ’žA/(B,W),\textstyle{\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}_{A/}}\left(B,W\right),}

which in turn induces a homotopy equivalence of homotopy fibers of the vertical maps. Considering the given map Bβ†’YB\to Y as a point in Mapπ’žA/(B,Y)\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}_{A/}}\left(B,Y\right) and considering the induced equivalence on the homotopy fibers of the vertical maps, we obtain by T.5.5.5.12 an equivalence

Mapπ’žA//Y(BΒ―,XΒ―)⟢∼Mapπ’žA//W(BΒ―Β―,ZΒ―Β―),\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}_{A//Y}}\left(\overline{B},\overline{X}\right)\overset{\sim}{\longrightarrow}\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}_{A//W}}\left(\overline{\overline{B}},\overline{\overline{Z}}\right),

where BΒ―\overline{B} and XΒ―\overline{X} are Aβ†’Bβ†’YA\to B\to Y and Aβ†’Xβ†’YA\to X\to Y viewed as objects of π’žA//Y\mathcal{C}_{A//Y} and BΒ―Β―\overline{\overline{B}} and ZΒ―Β―\overline{\overline{Z}} are Aβ†’Bβ†’WA\to B\to W and Aβ†’Zβ†’WA\to Z\to W viewed as objects of π’žA//W\mathcal{C}_{A//W}. By the definition of the space of lifts, this is precisely the equivalence L⁑(ql)≃L⁑(q)L\left(q_{l}\right)\simeq L\left(q\right). ∎

The following lemma expands on remark T.5.2.8.7:

[05YD]

Lemma 4.1.4. Let F:π’žβ‡†π’Ÿ:GF\colon\mathcal{C}\leftrightarrows\mathcal{D}\penalty\mskip 6.0mu plus 1.0mu\mathpunct{}\nonscript\mkern-3.0mu{:}\mskip 2.0muG be an adjunction of ∞\infty-categories. For every commutative square q:Ξ”1Γ—Ξ”1β†’π’Ÿq\colon\Delta^{1}\times\Delta^{1}\to\mathcal{D} of the form

F⁑(A)\textstyle{F\left(A\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}F⁑(f)\scriptstyle{F\left(f\right)}X\textstyle{X\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}g\scriptstyle{g}F⁑(B)\textstyle{F\left(B\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Y,\textstyle{Y,}

there is an adjoint square p:Ξ”1Γ—Ξ”1β†’π’žp\colon\Delta^{1}\times\Delta^{1}\to\mathcal{C} of the form

A\textstyle{A\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}f\scriptstyle{f}G⁑(X)\textstyle{G\left(X\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}G⁑(g)\scriptstyle{G\left(g\right)}B\textstyle{B\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}G⁑(Y)\textstyle{G\left(Y\right)}

and a canonical homotopy equivalence L⁑(q)≃L⁑(p)L\left(q\right)\simeq L\left(p\right).

[05YE]

Proof. Let β„³β†’Ξ”1\mathcal{M}\to\Delta^{1} be the Cartesian-coCartesian fibration associated with the adjunction F⊣GF\dashv G. Since π’ž\mathcal{C} and π’Ÿ\mathcal{D} are full subcategories of β„³\mathcal{M} we can think of the square qq as taking values in β„³\mathcal{M} and it does not change the space of lifts. Consider the diagram in β„³\mathcal{M} given by

A\textstyle{A\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}f\scriptstyle{f}F⁑(A)\textstyle{F\left(A\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}F⁑(f)\scriptstyle{F\left(f\right)}X\textstyle{X\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}g\scriptstyle{g}B\textstyle{B\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}F⁑(B)\textstyle{F\left(B\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Y,\textstyle{Y,}

where in the left square qlq_{l} the horizontal arrows are coCartesian and the rest of the data is given by the lifting property of coCartesian edges. Since the inclusion of the spine Ξ›12β†ͺΞ”2\Lambda_{1}^{2}\hookrightarrow\Delta^{2} is inner anodyne, so is Ξ”1Γ—Ξ›12β†ͺΞ”1Γ—Ξ”2\Delta^{1}\times\Lambda_{1}^{2}\hookrightarrow\Delta^{1}\times\Delta^{2} (by T.2.3.2.4) and since β„³β†’Ξ”1\mathcal{M}\to\Delta^{1} is an inner fibration, the diagram can be extended to Ξ”1Γ—Ξ”2β†’β„³\Delta^{1}\times\Delta^{2}\to\mathcal{M} and we can denote the outer square by r:Ξ”1Γ—Ξ”1β†’β„³r\colon\Delta^{1}\times\Delta^{1}\to\mathcal{M}. We now claim that qlq_{l} is a pushout square in β„³\mathcal{M}. For every Zβˆˆβ„³Z\in\mathcal{M}, consider the induced diagram

Map⁑(F⁑(B),Z)\textstyle{\operatorname{Map}\left(F\left(B\right),Z\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Map⁑(B,Z)\textstyle{\operatorname{Map}\left(B,Z\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Map⁑(F⁑(A),Z)\textstyle{\operatorname{Map}\left(F\left(A\right),Z\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Map⁑(A,Z).\textstyle{\operatorname{Map}\left(A,Z\right).}

If Zβˆˆβ„³0β‰ƒπ’žZ\in\mathcal{M}_{0}\simeq\mathcal{C}, then the spaces on both left corners are empty and if Zβˆˆβ„³1β‰ƒπ’ŸZ\in\mathcal{M}_{1}\simeq\mathcal{D}, then both horizontal arrows are equivalences. Either way, this is a pullback square and hence qlq_{l} is a pushout square. By 4.1.3 we get L⁑(q)≃L⁑(r)L\left(q\right)\simeq L\left(r\right).

We can now factor the outer square r:Ξ”1Γ—Ξ”1β†’β„³r\colon\Delta^{1}\times\Delta^{1}\to\mathcal{M} as

A\textstyle{A\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}f\scriptstyle{f}G⁑(X)\textstyle{G\left(X\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}G⁑(g)\scriptstyle{G\left(g\right)}X\textstyle{X\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}g\scriptstyle{g}B\textstyle{B\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}G⁑(Y)\textstyle{G\left(Y\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Y,\textstyle{Y,}

where the left square is pp and in the right square qrq_{r} the horizontal arrows are Cartesian and the square is determined by the lifting property of Cartesian edges. Repeating the argument in the dual form we get that qrq_{r} is a pullback square and using 4.1.3 again we get L⁑(p)≃L⁑(r)L\left(p\right)\simeq L\left(r\right) and therefore L⁑(p)≃L⁑(q)L\left(p\right)\simeq L\left(q\right). ∎

[05YF]

Proposition 4.1.5. Let π’ž\mathcal{C} be an ∞\infty-category. Let q:Ξ”1Γ—Ξ”1β†’π’žq\colon\Delta^{1}\times\Delta^{1}\to\mathcal{C} be a commutative square

A\textstyle{A\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}f\scriptstyle{f}Ξ±\scriptstyle{\alpha}X\textstyle{X\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}g\scriptstyle{g}B\textstyle{B\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Ξ²\scriptstyle{\beta}Y,\textstyle{Y,}

with space of lifts L⁑(q)L\left(q\right). Given a point (s0,s1)∈L⁑(q)Γ—L⁑(q)\left(s_{0},s_{1}\right)\in L\left(q\right)\times L\left(q\right), the homotopy fiber of the diagonal

Ξ΄L⁑(q):L⁑(q)β†’L⁑(q)Γ—L⁑(q)\delta_{L\left(q\right)}\colon L\left(q\right)\to L\left(q\right)\times L\left(q\right)

over (s0,s1)\left(s_{0},s_{1}\right) is homotopy equivalent to the space of lifts for a square p:Ξ”1Γ—Ξ”1β†’π’žp\colon\Delta^{1}\times\Delta^{1}\to\mathcal{C} of the form

A\textstyle{A\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}f\scriptstyle{f}Ξ±\scriptstyle{\alpha}X\textstyle{X\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}δ​g\scriptstyle{\delta g}B\textstyle{B\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}(s0,s1)\scriptstyle{\left(s_{0},s_{1}\right)\hskip 8.19447pt}XΓ—YX.\textstyle{X\times_{Y}X.}
[05YG]

Proof. For ease of notation, set π’Ÿ=π’žA/\mathcal{D}=\mathcal{C}_{A/}. Recall that

L⁑(q)=Mapπ’Ÿ/Y¯⁑(BΒ―,XΒ―)L\left(q\right)=\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{D}_{/\overline{Y}}}\left(\overline{B},\overline{X}\right)

and therefore

L⁑(q)Γ—L⁑(q)=Mapπ’Ÿ/Y¯⁑(BΒ―,XΒ―)Γ—Mapπ’Ÿ/Y¯⁑(BΒ―,XΒ―)≃Mapπ’Ÿ/Y¯⁑(BΒ―,XΒ―Γ—XΒ―).L\left(q\right)\times L\left(q\right)=\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{D}_{/\overline{Y}}}\left(\overline{B},\overline{X}\right)\times\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{D}_{/\overline{Y}}}\left(\overline{B},\overline{X}\right)\simeq\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{D}_{/\overline{Y}}}\left(\overline{B},\overline{X}\times\overline{X}\right).

Products in the over-category are fibered products and products in the under-category are just ordinary products (dual of T.1.2.13.8). Hence, XΒ―Γ—XΒ―\overline{X}\times\overline{X} is the diagram Aβ†’XΓ—YXβ†’YA\to X\times_{Y}X\to Y, which we denote by XΓ—YXΒ―\overline{X\times_{Y}X}. Thus, a point s=(s0,s1)∈L⁑(q)Γ—L⁑(q)s=\left(s_{0},s_{1}\right)\in L\left(q\right)\times L\left(q\right) corresponds to a lift in the diagram

XΓ—YXΒ―\textstyle{\overline{X\times_{Y}X}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}BΒ―\textstyle{\overline{B}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}YΒ―\textstyle{\overline{Y}}

in the category π’Ÿ\mathcal{D}. Furthermore, the diagonal map Ξ΄L⁑(q):L⁑(q)β†’L⁑(q)Γ—L⁑(q)\delta_{L\left(q\right)}\colon L\left(q\right)\to L\left(q\right)\times L\left(q\right) is induced from the diagonal map Ξ΄XΒ―:XΒ―β†’XΒ―Γ—XΒ―\delta_{\overline{X}}\colon\overline{X}\to\overline{X}\times\overline{X}. Namely, Ξ΄L⁑(q)=(Ξ΄XΒ―)βˆ—\delta_{L\left(q\right)}=\left(\delta_{\overline{X}}\right)_{*}. Our goal is therefore to compute the homotopy fiber of (Ξ΄XΒ―)βˆ—\left(\delta_{\overline{X}}\right)_{*} over a given point

s=(s0,s1)≃Mapπ’Ÿ/Y¯⁑(BΒ―,XΒ―Γ—XΒ―).s=\left(s_{0},s_{1}\right)\simeq\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{D}_{/\overline{Y}}}\left(\overline{B},\overline{X}\times\overline{X}\right).

The projection π’Ÿ/YΒ―β†’π’Ÿ\mathcal{D}_{/\overline{Y}}\to\mathcal{D} induces an equivalence

(π’Ÿ/YΒ―)/XΓ—YXΒ―β‰ƒπ’Ÿ/XΓ—YXΒ―.\left(\mathcal{D}_{/\overline{Y}}\right)_{/\overline{X\times_{Y}X}}\simeq\mathcal{D}_{/\overline{X\times_{Y}X}}.

It follows that the fiber is the space of lifts in the diagram

XΒ―\textstyle{\overline{X}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}BΒ―\textstyle{\overline{B}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}s\scriptstyle{s}XΓ—YXΒ―\textstyle{\overline{X\times_{Y}X}}

in π’Ÿ\mathcal{D}. By (the dual of) T.5.5.5.12, this space of lifts is homotopy equivalent to the mapping space Mapπ’Ÿ/XΓ—YX¯⁑(BΒ―,XΒ―)\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{D}_{/\overline{X\times_{Y}X}}}\left(\overline{B},\overline{X}\right). Recalling that π’Ÿ=π’žA/\mathcal{D}=\mathcal{C}_{A/}, we see that this is none other than the space of lifts for pp. ∎

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source collection and HTML conversion remain in progress.

Tomer Schlank, Lior Yanovski

Original source: arXiv:1808.06006v3

Original source Β· 1808.06006v3