7.1 Cohomology groups
Setting and taking instead of as the base
ring, everything
we did in Sections 2, 4 and
5
goes through in exactly the same manner. The role of the ring will
be played by the free graded abelian group of rank
with generators
and in degrees and correspondingly. has
commutative algebra and cocommutative coalgebra structures:
|
|
|
(149) |
|
|
|
(150) |
and the identity (16) holds.
By abuse of notations, we use and to denote multiplication
and comultiplication in Earlier and were used
to denote multiplication and comultiplication in
As in Section 2.3, we construct
a functor from the category of closed
one-manifolds and cobordisms
between them to the category of graded abelian groups and graded
homomorphisms. To a disjoint union of circles functor
assigns the group To elementary
surfaces and
(see Section 2.3)
functor assigns maps and
Id
between suitable tensor powers of The maps and
are given by
|
|
|
(151) |
while Perm is just the permutation map
To a diagram of an
oriented link we can then associate a commutative -cube
of graded abelian groups and grading-preserving
homomorphism, by the same procedure
as the one described in Section 4.2,
using the functor instead of . In particular, for
we have
where shifts the grading down by
Let be the category of graded abelian groups and grading-preserving
homomorphisms. Let be the skew-commutative
-cube over
Tensoring with over we get a skew
commutative -cube
over the category
From this skew-commutative
-cube we get a complex
of graded abelian groups with a grading-preserving differential
(Section 3.4).
Denote this complex by and
by the shifted complex
|
|
|
(152) |
If we consider as a graded -module, concentrated in degree
so that then
|
|
|
(153) |
To a plane diagram of
an oriented link we thus associate a complex of graded abelian
groups . Denote the -th cohomology group
of the -th graded summand of by
These cohomology groups are finitely-generated
abelian groups. For each diagram as we vary and over all integers,
only a finite number of these groups are non-zero.
0PM2
Theorem 2 For an oriented link
isomorphism classes of abelian groups
do not depend on the choice of a diagram of
and are invariants of
Proof: Set in the proof of Theorem 1.
For a diagram of the link denote the isomorphism
classes of
by
Denote by (respectively,
) the -th group of the complex
(respectively, )
and by (respectively, by )
the -th graded
component of (respectively, ),
so that
respectively,
For an diagram denote by the graded
abelian group In other words,
is the -th cohomology group of
Denote by
the -th
cohomology group of the complex and by
the -th graded component of
so that