Proposition 4.15. The Khovanov–Rozansky homologies are lax symmetric monoidal functors.
4.3. Monoidality
Links in -balls and their cobordisms form a symmetric monoidal category under boundary connect sum, which is respected by as we will now see.
Proof. Let and and write for the resulting split disjoint union in . We can find a diffeomorphism such that not only is generic and blackboard-framed, but also the -projections of the and components of are contained in disjoint disks in . Then, monoidality on the chain level is manifest in the definition of , and we get
where the map in the second line comes from the Künneth theorem (this is guaranteed to be an isomorphism when working with field coefficients). The compatibility on the level of morphisms is verified similarly. ∎
Given a finite collection of links in -balls , we can also define
Then the proof of the proposition implies that the boundary connect sum of -balls induces natural homomorphisms (and even isomorphisms when working with field coefficients)
Remark. This monoidality property can be interpreted as saying that categorifies the skein algebra of . For more on skein algebra categorification we refer to [QW21].
Original source: arXiv:1907.12194v5