ScalingStacks

4.3. Monoidality

Links in 33-balls and their cobordisms form a symmetric monoidal category under boundary connect sum, which is respected by KhRN\mathrm{KhR}_{N} as we will now see.

0NB8

Proposition 4.15. The Khovanov–Rozansky homologies KhRN\mathrm{KhR}_{N} are lax symmetric monoidal functors.

0NB9

Proof. Let L1∈B1L_{1}\in B_{1} and L2∈B2L_{2}\in B_{2} and write LL for the resulting split disjoint union in B=defB1​#∂​B2B\stackrel{{\scriptstyle\mathrm{def}}}{{=}}B_{1}\#_{\partial}B_{2}. We can find a diffeomorphism ϕ:B→ℝ3\phi\colon B\to{\mathbb{R}}^{3} such that not only is LL generic and blackboard-framed, but also the zz-projections of the L1L_{1} and L2L_{2} components of LL are contained in disjoint disks in ℝ2{\mathbb{R}}^{2}. Then, monoidality on the chain level is manifest in the definition of KhRN\mathrm{KhR}_{N}, and we get

KhRN​(B1,L1)⊗KhRN​(B2,L2)\displaystyle\mathrm{KhR}_{N}(B_{1},L_{1})\otimes\mathrm{KhR}_{N}(B_{2},L_{2}) ≅KhRN​(ϕ⁡(L1))⊗KhRN​(ϕ⁡(L2))\displaystyle\cong\mathrm{KhR}_{N}(\phi(L_{1}))\otimes\mathrm{KhR}_{N}(\phi(L_{2}))
→KhRN​(ϕ⁡(L1⊔L2))\displaystyle\to\mathrm{KhR}_{N}(\phi(L_{1}\sqcup L_{2}))
≅KhRN​(B1​#∂​B2,L1⊔L2)\displaystyle\cong\mathrm{KhR}_{N}(B_{1}\#_{\partial}B_{2},L_{1}\sqcup L_{2})

where the map in the second line comes from the Künneth theorem (this is guaranteed to be an isomorphism when working with field coefficients). The compatibility on the level of morphisms is verified similarly. ∎

Given a finite collection of links in 33-balls Li⊂BiL_{i}\subset B_{i}, we can also define

KhRN(⊔iBi,⊔iLi)=def⨂iKhRN(Bi,Li).\mathrm{KhR}_{N}(\sqcup_{i}B_{i},\sqcup_{i}L_{i})\stackrel{{\scriptstyle\mathrm{def}}}{{=}}\bigotimes_{i}\mathrm{KhR}_{N}(B_{i},L_{i}).

Then the proof of the proposition implies that the boundary connect sum of 33-balls induces natural homomorphisms (and even isomorphisms when working with field coefficients)

KhRN(⊔iBi,⊔iLi)→KhRN(#∂Bi,⊔iLi).\mathrm{KhR}_{N}(\sqcup_{i}B_{i},\sqcup_{i}L_{i})\to\mathrm{KhR}_{N}(\#_{\partial}B_{i},\sqcup_{i}L_{i}).

Remark. This monoidality property can be interpreted as saying that KhRN\mathrm{KhR}_{N} categorifies the 𝔤​𝔩N\mathfrak{gl}_{N} skein algebra of ℝ2{\mathbb{R}}^{2}. For more on skein algebra categorification we refer to [QW21].

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source collection and HTML conversion remain in progress.

Scott Morrison, Kevin Walker, Paul Wedrich

Original source: arXiv:1907.12194v5