Here we consider the categories from Section 4.3 in the
special case when the source and target objects consist of a single point
. In this case, the corresponding morphism category in is
known to be equivalent to the dg category of complexes of free graded
-modules; see e.g. [32, Lemma 3.35] for an
argument in an equivalent setting. We record this equivalence and its
consequence on the level of homology:
Here refers to the category of finitely-generated graded free
-modules and refers to the dg category of bounded chain
complexes over an additive category . Again we will use a superscript
to refer to the corresponding enriched morphism spaces, computed via the
ordinary morphism spaces between shifts of objects as in (21).
Now we specialize to and classify the indecomposable objects. Setting
, the isomorphism classes of indecomposable objects (up to
shifts in quantum and homological degrees) in are
of the form:
Next we compute the zeroth Hochschild homology of
. In principle, there are two possible
versions: using the ordinary or the
enriched hom; see [5, Section 2.4]. In the case of the ordinary hom, we would obtain a
-graded (namely homologically graded) -module, where
records the action of the auto-equivalence provided by the shift in quantum
grading. We will, however, use the enriched hom (indicated by the
superscript ) to consider the morphism spaces as bigraded. In doing so,
one obtains translation isomorphisms, which identify an object with
all its gradings shifts. More specifically, between an object and its
shift, the identity now represents an isomorphism of degree specified by
the shift. The zeroth Hochschild homology of the resulting category carries
the structure of a bigraded -vector space, since the endomorphism
now acts as the identity.
Proposition 4.14.The bigraded zeroth Hochschild
homology of has a basis given by the trace
classes and for all . The identity
morphisms on the complexes for are self-explanatory and
their trace classes have bidegree . The endomorphism is a
special case of a larger family of endomorphisms
for of the following form:
where the only non-zero component is at (which may coincide
with if ). The trace class of the morphism
has bidegree . ( stands for shift
right and apply .)
Proof.We abbreviate . Let denote the full
subcategory generated by the indecomposable objects . By
Fact 4.11 and the discussion of the beginning of the section, it
suffices to compute the bigraded zeroth Hochschild homology of . To this
end, we study closed homogeneous endomorphisms of the objects and trace
relations between them.
We note that the components of a chain map between shifts of such objects can
have quantum degree zero or two (a scalar multiple of or ). Since
the differential in every complex is of quantum degree two, this means that
closed morphisms with components of quantum degree zero are homotopic if and
only if they are equal.
First we investigate the chain maps between shifts of objects with
components of quantum degree zero. For positive homological shifts (right shift)
there are simply no closed morphisms, i.e. no chain maps. In shift zero we have
the identity on every (which does not factor through any with ) and for negative homological shifts we have closed maps that factor into a
composite of closed maps through a shift of a with (by induction,
one can show that their trace classes actually vanish). Thus in bidegree
we have a basis of trace classes for .
Second we are interested in chain maps between shifts of objects with
components of quantum degree two. In negative homological shifts (left shift)
all such maps are nullhomotopic. In non-negative homological shift, every such
map is homotopic to a scalar multiple of . However, one easily
checks that the trace class of equals the trace class of . Since these have bidegree in the enriched of
, we see that they are linearly independent.
∎
Note that the bigraded zeroth Hochschild homology of
is not locally finite-dimensional! It is of
countable dimension in bidegree with a basis given by for
. Nevertheless, we have:
Proof.We have already explained the two isomorphisms. We now need to understand
the essential image of under the full embedding into
. We claim that the invariant of any
-tangle decomposes into (shifts of) the indecomposable summands
and , but never for . Provided this claim holds, we can compute
as the Hochschild homology of the full additive
subcategory of generated by and ,
and this again is isomorphic to the Hochschild homology of the full
subcategory on the two objects and . Here we use that the zeroth
Hochschild homology is preserved under proceeding to the additive and
idempotent completion; see Fact 4.12. Following the same
arguments as in Proposition 4.14, we see that it is
-dimensional, spanned by and for
The key idea to prove the claim is that all complexes appearing in Khovanov
homology come from complexes over by setting (though
certainly not all complexes over have this property).
Indeed, one can use equivariant Khovanov homology, defined over the
ring to simplify the complex of a
-tangle into a complex of graded free -modules. These
decompose, up to homotopy equivalence and shift, into chain complexes of the form
Upon reducing to the ordinary
Khovanov theory by tensoring with over , these
complexes decompose into (shifts of) copies of and .
∎
Remark 4.16. A strong version of the so-called knight move conjecture posited
that the complex of any long knot decomposes (up to homotopy equivalence) into
one shifted copy of and some number of copies of ; see
[19, Conjecture 1]. The argument in the previous proof shows
that this can fail only due to the presence of more than one shifted copy of .
Three copies of can be detected in the counterexample to the knight move
conjecture found by Manolescu–Marengon [24].
Remark 4.17. One can also consider analogs of the skein modules based on
equivariant or deformed versions of homology. For example, in one common
choice for one works over . We can also try
to compute the bigraded zeroth Hochschild homology of the 3-ball category with
two points and of its ambient category in this setting. We have already
listed the indecomposable of the latter above: the chain complexes . For the
enriched isomorphism algebra of the complex is isomorphic to where is of bidegree . The trace classes of and
its multiples are zero. Moreover, the trace class of is zero for every
. This leaves the trace classes of the identities of for
and the trace class of as linearly independent — the zeroth
Hochschild homology is not locally finite-dimensional. However, it is currently
not known which appear in complexes of -tangles. A copy of
appears in [24].