ScalingStacks

2 dd-Categories[0KFE]

Recall the following definition from classical homotopy theory.

[0KE6]

Definition 2.1. For dโ‰ฅ0d\geq 0, a space Xโˆˆ๐’ฎX\in\mathcal{S} is called dd-truncated if ฯ€iโ€‹(X,x)=0\pi_{i}\left(X,x\right)=0 for all i>di>d and all xโˆˆXx\in X. In addition, a space is called (โˆ’2)\left(-2\right)-truncated if and only if it is contractible and it is called (โˆ’1)\left(-1\right)-truncated if and only if it is either contractible or empty. We denote by ๐’ฎโ‰คd\mathcal{S}_{\leq d} the full subcategory of ๐’ฎ\mathcal{S} spanned by the dd-truncated spaces. The inclusion ๐’ฎโ‰คdโ†ช๐’ฎ\mathcal{S}_{\leq d}\hookrightarrow\mathcal{S} admits a left adjoint and we call the unit of the adjunction the dd-truncation map.

This leads to the following definition in โˆž\infty-category theory.

[0KE7]

Definition 2.2. Let dโ‰ฅโˆ’1d\geq-1 be an integer. An essentially dd-category is an โˆž\infty-category ๐’ž\mathcal{C} such that for all X,Yโˆˆ๐’žX,Y\in\mathcal{C}, the mapping space Map๐’žโก(X,Y)\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}}\left(X,Y\right) is (dโˆ’1)\left(d-1\right)-truncated. We denote by ๐‚๐š๐ญd\mathbf{Cat}_{d} the full subcategory of ๐‚๐š๐ญโˆž\mathbf{Cat}_{\infty} spanned by essentially dd -categories.

[0KE8]

Example 2.3. An โˆž\infty-category ๐’ž\mathcal{C} is an essentially 11-category if and only if it lies in the essential image of the nerve functor N:๐‚๐š๐ญโ†’๐‚๐š๐ญโˆžN\colon\mathbf{Cat}\to\mathbf{Cat}_{\infty} and it is an essentially 00-category if and only if it is equivalent to the nerve of a poset.

One might hope that for an โˆž\infty-category ๐’ž\mathcal{C}, the condition of being an essentially dd-category would coincide with the condition of begin a (dโˆ’1)(d-1)-truncated object of the presentable โˆž\infty-category ๐‚๐š๐ญโˆž\mathbf{Cat}_{\infty} in the sense of T.5.5.6.1. This turns out to be false. The later condition is equivalent to both spaces Mapโก(ฮ”0,๐’ž)\operatorname{Map}(\Delta^{0},\mathcal{C}) and Mapโก(ฮ”1,๐’ž)\operatorname{Map}(\Delta^{1},\mathcal{C}) being (dโˆ’1)(d-1)-truncated, while the former to the (dโˆ’1)(d-1)-truncatedness of the projection map

Mapโก(ฮ”1,๐’ž)โ†’Mapโก(ฮ”{0},๐’ž)ร—Mapโก(ฮ”{1},๐’ž).\operatorname{Map}(\Delta^{1},\mathcal{C})\to\operatorname{Map}(\Delta^{\{0\}},\mathcal{C})\times\operatorname{Map}(\Delta^{\{1\}},\mathcal{C}).

It can be deduced that a (dโˆ’1)(d-1)-truncated object of ๐‚๐š๐ญโˆž\mathbf{Cat}_{\infty} is an essentially dd-category and that an essentially dd-category is a dd-truncated object of ๐‚๐š๐ญโˆž\mathbf{Cat}_{\infty}. To see that both converses are false, consider on the one hand a dd-truncated space as an โˆž\infty-groupoid, and on the other, an โˆž\infty-category with two objects and a dd-truncated space of maps from the first to the second (and no other non-trivial maps).

In T.2.3.4, Lurie develops the theory of dd-categories, which are a strict model for essentially dd-categories. We begin by recalling some basic definitions and properties. First, we introduce the following definition/notation (which is a variation on notation T.2.3.4.11).

[0KE9]
  1. (1)

    Notation 2.4. Let AโІBA\subseteq B and DD be simplicial sets. We define Bโ‹ŠADB\rtimes_{A}D by the following pushout diagram

    Aร—D\textstyle{A\times D\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Bร—D\textstyle{B\times D\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}A\textstyle{A\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Bโ‹ŠAD.\textstyle{B\rtimes_{A}D.}
  2. (2)

    Let AโІBA\subseteq B and XX be simplicial sets. Given two maps f,g:Bโ†’Xf,g\colon B\to X such that f|A=g|Af|_{A}=g|_{A} we obtain a map fโˆชg:Bโ‹Šโˆ‚Aโกฮ”1โ†’Xf\cup g\colon B\rtimes_{A}\partial\Delta^{1}\to X. A homotopy relative to AA (or โ€œrel. AAโ€ for short) is an extension of fโˆชgf\cup g to Bโ‹ŠAฮ”1B\rtimes_{A}\Delta^{1}.

  3. (3)

    Given inclusions of simplicial sets AโІBโІCA\subseteq B\subseteq C and a simplicial set XX, let [B,C;X]\left[B,C;X\right] be the set of maps Bโ†’XB\to X for which there exists an extension to CC. We denote by [A,B,C;X]\left[A,B,C;X\right] the set obtained from [B,C;X]\left[B,C;X\right] by identifying maps that are homotopic rel. AA.

[0KEA]

Remark 2.5. Let ๐’ž\mathcal{C} be an โˆž\infty-category, let AโІBA\subseteq B be an inclusion of simplicial sets, and consider f,g:Bโ†’๐’žf,g\colon B\to\mathcal{C} such that f|A=g|Af|_{A}=g|_{A}. By the discussion at the beginning of T.2.3.4, a homotopy from ff to gg rel. AA is the same as an equivalence from ff to gg as objects of the โˆž\infty-category ๐’Ÿ\mathcal{D} that is given as a pullback

๐’Ÿ\textstyle{\mathcal{D}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}๐’žB\textstyle{\mathcal{C}^{B}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}ฮ”0\textstyle{\Delta^{0}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}๐’žA.\textstyle{\mathcal{C}^{A}.}

Therefore, the existence of a homotopy rel. AA is an equivalence relation. We note that the above diagram is also a homotopy pullback in the Joyal model structure as the right vertical map is a categorical fibration and all objects are fibrant.

[0KEB]

Definition 2.6 (T.2.3.4.1). Let ๐’ž\mathcal{C} be a simplicial set and let dโ‰ฅโˆ’1d\geq-1 be an integer. We will say that ๐’ž\mathcal{C} is a dd-category if it is an โˆž\infty-category and the following additional conditions are satisfied:

  1. (1)

    Given a pair of maps f,fโ€ฒ:ฮ”dโ†’๐’žf,f^{\prime}\colon\Delta^{d}\to\mathcal{C}, if ff and fโ€ฒf^{\prime} are homotopic relative to โˆ‚ฮ”d\partial\Delta^{d}, then f=fโ€ฒf=f^{\prime}.

  2. (2)

    Given m>dm>d and a pair of maps f,fโ€ฒ:ฮ”mโ†’๐’žf,f^{\prime}\colon\Delta^{m}\to\mathcal{C}, if f|โˆ‚ฮ”m=fโ€ฒ|โˆ‚ฮ”mf\mid\partial\Delta^{m}=f^{\prime}\mid\partial\Delta^{m}, then f=fโ€ฒf=f^{\prime}.

[0KEC]

Example 2.7. By T.2.3.4.5, an โˆž\infty-category ๐’ž\mathcal{C} is a 11-category if and only if it is isomorphic to the nerve of an ordinary category. By T.2.3.4.3, it is a 00-category if and only if it is isomorphic to the nerve of a poset (compare Example 2.3)

Next, we shall recall the definition of the dd-homotopy category hdโ€‹๐’žh_{d}\mathcal{C} of an โˆž\infty-category ๐’ž\mathcal{C}. Using the notation Kd=skdโ€‹KK^{d}=\mbox{sk}^{d}K for the dd-th skeleton of a simplicial set KK, we recall the following construction.

[0KED]

Lemma 2.8 (T.2.3.4.12). For dโ‰ฅ1d\geq 1, given an โˆž\infty-category ๐’ž\mathcal{C}, there exists an essentially unique simplicial set hdโ€‹๐’žh_{d}\mathcal{C}, such that for every simplicial set KK, we have a bijection

homโก(K,hdโ€‹๐’ž)โ‰ƒ[Kdโˆ’1,Kd,Kd+1;๐’ž]\hom\left(K,h_{d}\mathcal{C}\right)\simeq\left[K^{d-1},K^{d},K^{d+1};\mathcal{C}\right]

that is natural in KK. We denote the canonical map by ฮธd:๐’žโ†’hdโ€‹๐’ž\theta_{d}\colon\mathcal{C}\to h_{d}\mathcal{C}.

Using the above construction, we have the following definition:

[0KFG]

Definition 2.9. Given an โˆž\infty-category ๐’ž\mathcal{C} and an integer dโ‰ฅโˆ’2d\geq-2, we define the dd-homotopy category of ๐’ž\mathcal{C} to be hdโ€‹๐’žh_{d}\mathcal{C} of 2.8 when dโ‰ฅ1d\geq 1 and

  1. (1)

    For d=โˆ’2d=-2 we set hโˆ’2โ€‹๐’ž=ฮ”0h_{-2}\mathcal{C}=\Delta^{0}.

  2. (2)

    For d=โˆ’1d=-1 we set hโˆ’1โ€‹๐’ž={โˆ…๐’ž=โˆ…ฮ”0๐’žโ‰ โˆ…h_{-1}\mathcal{C}=\begin{cases}\varnothing&\mathcal{C}=\varnothing\\ \Delta^{0}&\mathcal{C}\neq\varnothing\end{cases} with the unique map ฮธโˆ’1:๐’žโ†’hโˆ’1โ€‹๐’ž\theta_{-1}\colon\mathcal{C}\to h_{-1}\mathcal{C}.

  3. (3)

    For d=0d=0, we first define a pre-ordered set h~0โ€‹๐’ž\tilde{h}_{0}\mathcal{C} with the same objects as ๐’ž\mathcal{C} and the relation xโ‰คyx\leq y if and only if Map๐’žโก(X,Y)โ‰ โˆ…\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}}\left(X,Y\right)\neq\varnothing. Then we define h0โ€‹๐’žh_{0}\mathcal{C} to be the nerve of the poset obtained from h~0โ€‹๐’ž\tilde{h}_{0}\mathcal{C} by identifying isomorphic objects. There is a canonical map ฮธ0:๐’žโ†’h0โ€‹๐’ž\theta_{0}\colon\mathcal{C}\to h_{0}\mathcal{C} defined as the composition of ฮธ1:๐’žโ†’h1โ€‹๐’ž\theta_{1}\colon\mathcal{C}\to h_{1}\mathcal{C} with the nerve of the functor that takes each object in the homotopy category h1โ€‹๐’žh_{1}\mathcal{C} to its class in h0โ€‹๐’žh_{0}\mathcal{C} (with the unique definition on morphisms).

[0KEF]

Warning 2.10. Note that an โˆž\infty-category ๐’ž\mathcal{C} is an essentially dd-category if and only if all objects of ๐’ž\mathcal{C} are (dโˆ’1)\left(d-1\right)-truncated in the sense of T.5.5.6.1. Hence, another way to associate an essentially dd-category with an โˆž\infty-category ๐’ž\mathcal{C} is to consider the full subcategory spanned by the (dโˆ’1)\left(d-1\right)-truncated objects. For a presentable โˆž\infty-category, this is denoted by ฯ„โ‰คdโˆ’1โ€‹๐’ž\tau_{\leq d-1}\mathcal{C} in T.5.5.6.1 and called the (dโˆ’1)\left(d-1\right)-truncation of ๐’ž\mathcal{C}. We warn the reader that the two essentially dd-categories hdโ€‹๐’žh_{d}\mathcal{C} and ฯ„โ‰คdโˆ’1โ€‹๐’ž\tau_{\leq d-1}\mathcal{C} are usually very different. For example, when ๐’ž=๐’ฎ\mathcal{C}=\mathcal{S} is the โˆž\infty-category of spaces, h1โ€‹๐’ฎh_{1}\mathcal{S} is the ordinary homotopy category of spaces, while ฯ„โ‰ค0โ€‹๐’ฎ\tau_{\leq 0}\mathcal{S} is equivalent to the ordinary category of sets.

The map ฮธd\theta_{d} has the following universal property.

[0KEG]

Lemma 2.11. Let dโ‰ฅโˆ’1d\geq-1 and let ๐’ž\mathcal{C} be an โˆž\infty-category.

  1. (1)

    The simplicial set hdโ€‹๐’žh_{d}\mathcal{C} is a dd-category.

  2. (2)

    The canonical map ๐’žโ†’hdโ€‹๐’ž\mathcal{C}\to h_{d}\mathcal{C} is an isomorphism if and only if ๐’ž\mathcal{C} is a dd-category.

  3. (3)

    For every dd-category ๐’Ÿ\mathcal{D}, composition with the canonical map ๐’žโ†’hdโ€‹๐’ž\mathcal{C}\to h_{d}\mathcal{C} induces an isomorphism of simplicial sets

    Funโก(hdโ€‹๐’ž,๐’Ÿ)โ€‹โŸถโˆผโ€‹Funโก(๐’ž,๐’Ÿ).\operatorname{Fun}\left(h_{d}\mathcal{C},\mathcal{D}\right)\overset{\sim}{\longrightarrow}\operatorname{Fun}\left(\mathcal{C},\mathcal{D}\right).
[0KEH]

Proof. For dโ‰ฅ1d\geq 1 this is the content of T.2.3.4.12. For d=โˆ’1d=-1 this is trivial. For d=0d=0, (1) and (2) are obvious from the definition. For (3) observe that we have a factorization of the map in question:

Funโก(h0โ€‹๐’ž,๐’Ÿ)โ†’Funโก(h1โ€‹๐’ž,๐’Ÿ)โ€‹โŸถโˆผโ€‹Funโก(๐’ž,๐’Ÿ),\operatorname{Fun}\left(h_{0}\mathcal{C},\mathcal{D}\right)\to\operatorname{Fun}\left(h_{1}\mathcal{C},\mathcal{D}\right)\overset{\sim}{\longrightarrow}\operatorname{Fun}\left(\mathcal{C},\mathcal{D}\right),

where the second map is an isomorphism (from the claim for d=1d=1). Therefore, we can assume that ๐’ž\mathcal{C} is an ordinary category and ๐’Ÿ\mathcal{D} is a poset and hence both simplicial sets are discrete. The result now follows from the observation that every functor ๐’žโ†’๐’Ÿ\mathcal{C}\to\mathcal{D} factors uniquely through h0โ€‹๐’žh_{0}\mathcal{C}. โˆŽ

Using the above results, we get the following:

[0KEI]

Proposition 2.12. The inclusion ๐‚๐š๐ญdโ†ช๐‚๐š๐ญโˆž\mathbf{Cat}_{d}\hookrightarrow\mathbf{Cat}_{\infty} admits a left adjoint hd:๐‚๐š๐ญโˆžโ†’๐‚๐š๐ญdh_{d}\colon\mathbf{Cat}_{\infty}\to\mathbf{Cat}_{d} with unit map given by ฮธd:๐’žโ†’hdโ€‹๐’ž\theta_{d}\colon\mathcal{C}\to h_{d}\mathcal{C}.

[0KEJ]

Proof. By T.2.3.4.18, every essentially dd-category is equivalent to a dd-category and for every dd-category ๐’Ÿ\mathcal{D}, the map

Funโก(hdโ€‹๐’ž,๐’Ÿ)โ†’Funโก(๐’ž,๐’Ÿ)\operatorname{Fun}\left(h_{d}\mathcal{C},\mathcal{D}\right)\to\operatorname{Fun}\left(\mathcal{C},\mathcal{D}\right)

is an isomorphism by 2.11. Restricting to the maximal Kan sub-complexes, the map of simplicial sets

ฮธdโˆ—:Map๐‚๐š๐ญdโก(hdโ€‹๐’ž,๐’Ÿ)โ†’Map๐‚๐š๐ญโˆžโก(๐’ž,๐’Ÿ)\theta_{d}^{*}\colon\operatorname{Map}_{\mathbf{Cat}_{d}}\left(h_{d}\mathcal{C},\mathcal{D}\right)\to\operatorname{Map}_{\mathbf{Cat}_{\infty}}\left(\mathcal{C},\mathcal{D}\right)

is a homotopy equivalence. It now follows that ฮธd\theta_{d} exhibits hdโ€‹๐’žh_{d}\mathcal{C} as the ๐‚๐š๐ญd\mathbf{Cat}_{d}-localization of ๐’ž\mathcal{C} in the sense of T.5.2.7.6. Thus, the claim about the existence of a left adjoint follows from T.5.2.7.8 and the claim about the unit follows from the proof of T.5.2.7.8. โˆŽ

The main goal of this section is to show that for every โˆž\infty-category ๐’ž\mathcal{C}, the dd-category hdโ€‹๐’žh_{d}\mathcal{C} is obtained (as one would expect) by (dโˆ’1)\left(d-1\right)-truncation of the mapping spaces. The main ingredient is the following explicit description of the right mapping space in the dd-homotopy category.

[0KEK]

Proposition 2.13. Let dโ‰ฅโˆ’1d\geq-1 and let ๐’ž\mathcal{C} be an โˆž\infty-category. For every X,Yโˆˆ๐’žX,Y\in\mathcal{C}, there is a canonical isomorphism ฮฑ\alpha of simplicial sets rendering the following diagram commutative:

hom๐’žRโก(X,Y)\textstyle{\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}ฮฒ\scriptstyle{\beta}ฮณ\scriptstyle{\gamma}homhdโ€‹๐’žRโก(ฮธdโ€‹(X),ฮธdโ€‹(Y))\textstyle{\hom_{h_{d}\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(\theta_{d}\left(X\right),\theta_{d}\left(Y\right)\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}ฮฑ\scriptstyle{\alpha}โˆผ\scriptstyle{\sim}hdโˆ’1โ€‹hom๐’žRโก(X,Y),\textstyle{h_{d-1}\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right),}

where ฮฒ\beta and ฮณ\gamma are the obvious maps.

We defer the rather technical proof of 2.13 to the end of the section. Assuming 2.13, we get

[0KEL]

Corollary 2.14. Let dโ‰ฅโˆ’1d\geq-1 and let ๐’ž\mathcal{C} be an โˆž\infty-category. The canonical map ฮธd:๐’žโ†’hdโ€‹๐’ž\theta_{d}\colon\mathcal{C}\to h_{d}\mathcal{C} is essentially surjective and for every X,Yโˆˆ๐’žX,Y\in\mathcal{C}, the induced map

Map๐’žโก(X,Y)โ†’Maphdโ€‹๐’žโก(ฮธdโ€‹(X),ฮธdโ€‹(Y))\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}}\left(X,Y\right)\to\operatorname{Map}_{h_{d}\mathcal{C}}\left(\theta_{d}\left(X\right),\theta_{d}\left(Y\right)\right)

is a (dโˆ’1)\left(d-1\right)-truncation map.

[0KEM]

Proof. It is clear that ฮธd\theta_{d} is essentially surjective since it is surjective on objects. Let X,Yโˆˆ๐’žX,Y\in\mathcal{C} be two objects. Since the map

Map๐’žโก(X,Y)โ†’Maphdโ€‹๐’žโก(ฮธdโ€‹(X),ฮธdโ€‹(Y))\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}}\left(X,Y\right)\to\operatorname{Map}_{h_{d}\mathcal{C}}\left(\theta_{d}\left(X\right),\theta_{d}\left(Y\right)\right)

is represented by the map

ฮธ:hom๐’žRโก(X,Y)โ†’hdโˆ’1โ€‹hom๐’žRโก(X,Y),\theta\colon\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right)\to h_{d-1}\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right),

it will be enough to show that for every Kan complex XX, the map Xโ†’hdโˆ’1โ€‹XX\to h_{d-1}X is a (dโˆ’1)\left(d-1\right)-truncation map. We prove this by induction. For dโ‰ค0d\leq 0 it is clear. For dโ‰ฅ1d\geq 1, recall that homXRโก(p,q)\hom_{X}^{R}\left(p,q\right) has the homotopy type of the path space Pp,qโ€‹XP_{p,q}X between pp and qq in XX when viewed as a space. Thus, by induction, ฮธ\theta is a map of spaces that is surjective on ฯ€0\pi_{0} and induces the (dโˆ’2)\left(d-2\right)-truncation map on path spaces

Pp,qโ€‹Xโ†’Pp,qโ€‹(hdโˆ’1โ€‹X)โ‰ƒhdโˆ’2โ€‹(Pp,qโ€‹X).P_{p,q}X\to P_{p,q}\left(h_{d-1}X\right)\simeq h_{d-2}\left(P_{p,q}X\right).

It follows that ฮธ\theta is a (dโˆ’1)\left(d-1\right)-truncation map. โˆŽ

[0KEN]

Theorem 2.15. The inclusion functor ๐‚๐š๐ญdโ†ช๐‚๐š๐ญโˆž\mathbf{Cat}_{d}\hookrightarrow\mathbf{Cat}_{\infty} admits a left adjoint hdh_{d} such that for every โˆž\infty-category ๐’ž\mathcal{C}, the value of hdh_{d} on ๐’ž\mathcal{C} is the dd-homotopy category of ๐’ž\mathcal{C}, the unit transformation ฮธd:๐’žโ†’hdโ€‹๐’ž\theta_{d}\colon\mathcal{C}\to h_{d}\mathcal{C} is essentially surjective, and for all X,Yโˆˆ๐’žX,Y\in\mathcal{C}, the map of spaces

Map๐’žโก(X,Y)โ†’Maphdโ€‹๐’žโก(ฮธdโ€‹(X),ฮธdโ€‹(Y))\operatorname{Map}_{\mathcal{C}}\left(X,Y\right)\to\operatorname{Map}_{h_{d}\mathcal{C}}\left(\theta_{d}\left(X\right),\theta_{d}\left(Y\right)\right)

is the (dโˆ’1)\left(d-1\right)-truncation map.

To prove 2.13, we begin by recalling the definitions of the โ€œrightโ€ and โ€œmiddleโ€ mapping spaces. Let J:๐ฌ๐’๐ž๐ญโ†’๐ฌ๐’๐ž๐ญโˆ‚ฮ”1/J\colon\mathbf{sSet}\to\mathbf{sSet}_{\partial\Delta^{1}/} be the functor given by Jโก(K)=Kโ‹†ฮ”0/KJ\left(K\right)=K\star\Delta^{0}/K, with the natural map โˆ‚ฮ”1โ†’Jโก(K)\partial\Delta^{1}\to J\left(K\right) taking 00 to the image of KK and 11 to the cone point. Recall that by the definition of the right mapping space (right before T.1.2.2.3), we have

homโก(ฮ”n,hom๐’žRโก(X,Y))=hom(X,Y)โก(Jโก(ฮ”n),๐’ž),\hom(\Delta^{n},\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right))=\hom_{(X,Y)}(J(\Delta^{n}),\mathcal{C}),

where the subscript (X,Y)\left(X,Y\right) in the right hand side means we take the subset of maps that restrict to (X,Y)\left(X,Y\right) on โˆ‚ฮ”1\partial\Delta^{1}. Since JJ preserves colimits, it follows that for every simplicial set KK, we have a canonical isomorphism

homโก(K,hom๐’žRโก(X,Y))=hom(X,Y)โก(Jโก(K),๐’ž).\hom(K,\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right))=\hom_{(X,Y)}(J(K),\mathcal{C}).

Similarly, we can construct the โ€œmiddle mapping spaceโ€. Let ฮฃ:๐ฌ๐’๐ž๐ญโ†’๐ฌ๐’๐ž๐ญ\Sigma\colon\mathbf{sSet}\to\mathbf{sSet} be the functor given by ฮฃโก(K)=Kโ‹„ฮ”0/K\Sigma\left(K\right)=K\diamond\Delta^{0}/K. This also comes with a canonical map โˆ‚ฮ”1โ†’ฮฃโก(K)\partial\Delta^{1}\to\Sigma\left(K\right), and similarly, from the definition of the middle mapping space (right after remark T.1.2.2.5), we have

homโก(K,hom๐’žMโก(X,Y))=hom(X,Y)โก(ฮฃโก(K),๐’ž).\hom(K,\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{M}(X,Y))=\hom_{(X,Y)}(\Sigma(K),\mathcal{C}).

There is a canonical categorical equivalence Kโ‹„ฮ”0โ€‹โŸถโˆผโ€‹Kโ‹†ฮ”0K\diamond\Delta^{0}\overset{\sim}{\longrightarrow}K\star\Delta^{0} that induces a categorical equivalence ฮฃโ€‹Kโ†’Jโก(K)\Sigma K\to J\left(K\right) that induces a Kan equivalence

ฮฆ:hom๐’žRโก(X,Y)โ€‹โŸถโˆผโ€‹hom๐’žMโก(X,Y)\Phi\colon\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right)\overset{\sim}{\longrightarrow}\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{M}\left(X,Y\right)

of Kan complexes.

For f:Kโ†’hom๐’žRโก(X,Y)f\colon K\to\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right), we denote by fยฏ:Jโก(K)โ†’๐’ž\overline{f}\colon J\left(K\right)\to\mathcal{C} the corresponding map in the definition of hom๐’žRโก(X,Y)\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right). We also denote by F=ฮฆโˆ˜fF=\Phi\circ f and Fยฏ:ฮฃโก(K)โ†’๐’ž\overline{F}\colon\Sigma\left(K\right)\to\mathcal{C} the corresponding map in the definition of hom๐’žMโก(X,Y)\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{M}\left(X,Y\right). We begin with the following technical lemma.

[0KEQ]

Lemma 2.16. Given simplicial sets AโІBA\subseteq B and DD, there is a canonical isomorphism

ฮฃโก(Bโ‹ŠAD)โ€‹โŸถโˆผโ€‹ฮฃโ€‹Bโ‹Šฮฃโ€‹AD.\Sigma\left(B\rtimes_{A}D\right)\overset{\sim}{\longrightarrow}\Sigma B\rtimes_{\Sigma A}D.
[0KER]

Proof. Consider the following diagram (with the obvious maps) and compute the colimit, starting once with the rows and once with the columns:

ย ย ย ย โˆ‚ฮ”1ย ย ย โˆ‚ฮ”1ร—Dย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย โˆ‚ฮ”1ร—Dย ย ย โˆ‚ฮ”1ร—(ฮ”0โ‹Šฮ”0D)ย ย ย โˆ‚ฮ”1ร—Aย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย โˆ‚ฮ”1ร—Aร—Dย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย โˆ‚ฮ”1ร—Bร—Dย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย โˆ‚ฮ”1ร—(Bโ‹ŠAD)ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ฮ”1ร—Aย ย ย ฮ”1ร—Aร—Dย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ฮ”1ร—Bร—Dย ย ย ฮ”1ร—(Bโ‹ŠAD)ย ย ย ฮฃโ€‹Aย ย ย ฮฃโ€‹Aร—Dย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ฮฃโ€‹Bร—Dย ย ย ฮฃโ€‹Bโ‹Šฮฃโ€‹ADโ‰ƒฮฃโก(Bโ‹ŠAD)ย ย ย ย .\lx@xy@svg{\hbox{\raise 2.5pt\hbox{\kern 21.64757pt\hbox{\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\hbox{\vtop{\halign{\entry@#!@&&\entry@@#!@\cr&&&\cr&&&\cr&&&\cr&&&\crcr}}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern-12.89757pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\partial\Delta^{1}}$}}}}}}}{\hbox{\kern 55.50865pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\partial\Delta^{1}\times D\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}$}}}}}}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 143.87627pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 12.89758pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\kern 143.87627pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\partial\Delta^{1}\times D}$}}}}}}}{\hbox{\kern 238.4337pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\partial\Delta^{1}\times\left(\Delta^{0}\rtimes_{\Delta^{0}}D\right)}$}}}}}}}{\hbox{\kern-21.64757pt\raise-32.64001pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\partial\Delta^{1}\times A\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}$}}}}}}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise-56.64pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise-5.5pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\kern 45.64757pt\raise-32.64001pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\partial\Delta^{1}\times A\times D\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}$}}}}}}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 133.72179pt\raise-32.64001pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 21.64757pt\raise-32.64001pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 77.68468pt\raise-56.64pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 77.68468pt\raise-6.33333pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\kern 133.72179pt\raise-32.64001pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\partial\Delta^{1}\times B\times D\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}$}}}}}}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 166.05229pt\raise-56.64pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 166.05229pt\raise-6.33333pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\kern 241.91815pt\raise-32.64001pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\partial\Delta^{1}\times\left(B\rtimes_{A}D\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}$}}}}}}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 279.17235pt\raise-56.64pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 279.17235pt\raise-8.29558pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\kern-18.15973pt\raise-65.28003pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\Delta^{1}\times A}$}}}}}}}{\hbox{\kern 49.1354pt\raise-65.28003pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\Delta^{1}\times A\times D\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}$}}}}}}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 137.20963pt\raise-65.28003pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 18.15974pt\raise-65.28003pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\kern 137.20963pt\raise-65.28003pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\Delta^{1}\times B\times D}$}}}}}}}{\hbox{\kern 245.40599pt\raise-65.28003pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\Delta^{1}\times\left(B\rtimes_{A}D\right)}$}}}}}}}{\hbox{\kern-10.36111pt\raise-97.60004pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\Sigma A}$}}}}}}}{\hbox{\kern 56.93402pt\raise-97.60004pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\Sigma A\times D\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}$}}}}}}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 145.00824pt\raise-97.60004pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 10.36113pt\raise-97.60004pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\kern 145.00824pt\raise-97.60004pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\Sigma B\times D}$}}}}}}}{\hbox{\kern 222.3828pt\raise-97.60004pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\Sigma B\rtimes_{\Sigma A}D\simeq\Sigma\left(B\rtimes_{A}D\right)}$}}}}}}}\ignorespaces}}}}\ignorespaces.

โˆŽ

The following lemma compares the different models of the mapping space.

[0KES]

Lemma 2.17. Given simplicial sets AโІBA\subseteq B and two maps f,g:Bโ†’hom๐’žRโก(X,Y)f,g\colon B\to\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right), the following are equivalent:

  1. (1)

    f,g:Bโ†’hom๐’žRโก(X,Y)f,g\colon B\to\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right) agree on AA (resp. homotopic rel. AA).

  2. (2)

    F,G:Bโ†’hom๐’žMโก(X,Y)F,G\colon B\to\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{M}\left(X,Y\right) agree on AA (resp. homotopic rel. AA).

  3. (3)

    fยฏ,gยฏ:Jโก(B)โ†’C\overline{f},\overline{g}\colon J\left(B\right)\to C agree on Jโก(A)J\left(A\right) (resp. homotopic rel. Jโก(A)J\left(A\right)).

  4. (4)

    Fยฏ,Gยฏ:ฮฃโก(B)โ†’C\overline{F},\overline{G}\colon\Sigma\left(B\right)\to C agree on ฮฃโก(A)\Sigma\left(A\right) (resp. homotopic rel. ฮฃโก(A)\Sigma\left(A\right)).

[0KET]

Proof. We start with the equivalence (1)โ‡”(2)\left(1\right)\iff\left(2\right). The first part follows from the fact that ฮฆ\Phi is a monomorphism and the second part follows from the fact that ฮฆ\Phi is a homotopy equivalence of Kan complexes. In the equivalence (3)โ‡”(4)\left(3\right)\iff\left(4\right), the first part follows from the fact that ฮฃโ€‹Aโ†’Jโก(A)\Sigma A\to J\left(A\right) is an epimorphism and the second part can be seen as follows: the maps fยฏ,gยฏ:Jโก(B)โ†’๐’ž\overline{f},\overline{g}\colon J\left(B\right)\to\mathcal{C} are homotopic rel Jโก(A)J\left(A\right) if and only if they are equivalent as elements of the โˆž\infty-category that is the fiber over fยฏ|Jโก(A)=gยฏ|Jโก(A)\overline{f}|_{J\left(A\right)}=\overline{g}|_{J\left(A\right)} (which is also a homotopy fiber) of the categorical fibration ๐’žJโก(B)โ†’๐’žJโก(A)\mathcal{C}^{J\left(B\right)}\to\mathcal{C}^{J\left(A\right)}. Since we have functorial categorical equivalences ฮฃโก(A)โ€‹โŸถโˆผโ€‹Jโ€‹(A)\Sigma\left(A\right)\overset{\sim}{\longrightarrow}J\left(A\right) and ฮฃโก(B)โ€‹โŸถโˆผโ€‹Jโ€‹(B)\Sigma\left(B\right)\overset{\sim}{\longrightarrow}J\left(B\right), this is the same as showing that the corresponding maps Fยฏ,Gยฏ:ฮฃโก(B)โ†’๐’ž\overline{F},\overline{G}\colon\Sigma\left(B\right)\to\mathcal{C} are equivalent in the fiber of ๐’žฮฃโก(B)โ†’๐’žฮฃโก(A)\mathcal{C}^{\Sigma\left(B\right)}\to\mathcal{C}^{\Sigma\left(A\right)} (which is also the homotopy fiber). This in turn is the same as having Fยฏ,Gยฏ\overline{F},\overline{G} homotopic rel. ฮฃโ€‹A\Sigma A. It is left to show the equivalence (2)โ‡”(4)\left(2\right)\iff\left(4\right). The first part is clear. The second part amounts to showing the equivalence of two extension problems. If F|A=G|AF|_{A}=G|_{A}, we get a map FโˆชAGF\cup_{A}G from BโˆชABโ‰ƒBโ‹ŠAโˆ‚ฮ”1B\cup_{A}B\simeq B\rtimes_{A}\partial\Delta^{1} to hom๐’žMโก(X,Y)\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{M}\left(X,Y\right) and FF and GG are homotopic rel. AA if and only if FโˆชAGF\cup_{A}G extends to the relative cylinder Bโ‹ŠAฮ”1B\rtimes_{A}\Delta^{1}. In terms of maps to ๐’ž\mathcal{C}, this is equivalent to the extension problem

ย ย ย ย ฮฃโก(Bโ‹Šโˆ‚Aโกฮ”1)ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ๐’žย ย ย ฮฃโก(Bโ‹ŠAฮ”1)ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย .\lx@xy@svg{\hbox{\raise 2.5pt\hbox{\kern 32.69794pt\hbox{\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\hbox{\vtop{\halign{\entry@#!@&&\entry@@#!@\cr&\cr\crcr}}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern-32.69794pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\Sigma\left(B\rtimes_{A}\partial\Delta^{1}\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}$}}}}}}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 56.69794pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise-23.99998pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\lx@xy@droprule}}{\hbox{\kern 56.69794pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\mathcal{C}}$}}}}}}}{\hbox{\kern-29.2101pt\raise-32.64001pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 3.0pt\raise-2.5pt\hbox{$\textstyle{\Sigma\left(B\rtimes_{A}\Delta^{1}\right)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}$}}}}}}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{\hbox{\lx@xy@drawline@}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\kern 56.69794pt\raise-3.40884pt\hbox{\hbox{\kern 0.0pt\raise 0.0pt\hbox{\lx@xy@tip{1}\lx@xy@tip{-1}}}}}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces{\hbox{\lx@xy@drawline@}}\ignorespaces{\hbox{\lx@xy@drawline@}}\ignorespaces}}}}\ignorespaces.

On the other hand, from Fยฏ|ฮฃโ€‹A=Gยฏ|ฮฃโ€‹A\overline{F}|_{\Sigma A}=\overline{G}|_{\Sigma A} we get a map Fยฏโˆชฮฃโ€‹AGยฏ\overline{F}\cup_{\Sigma A}\overline{G} from ฮฃโ€‹Bโ‹Šโˆ‚ฮฃโ€‹Aโกฮ”1\Sigma B\rtimes_{\Sigma A}\partial\Delta^{1} to ๐’ž\mathcal{C} and Fยฏ\overline{F} and Gยฏ\overline{G} are homotopic rel. ฮฃโ€‹A\Sigma A if and only if it extends to the relative cylinder ฮฃโ€‹Bโ‹Šฮฃโ€‹Aฮ”1\Sigma B\rtimes_{\Sigma A}\Delta^{1}. By 2.16 for D=ฮ”1,โˆ‚ฮ”1D=\Delta^{1},\partial\Delta^{1}, the two extension problems are isomorphic. โˆŽ

We are now ready to prove 2.13.

[0KEU]

Proof (of 2.13). For dโ‰ค0d\leq 0 this follows directly from the definitions, and so we assume that dโ‰ฅ1d\geq 1. Let KK be a simplicial set. On the one hand,

homโก(K,homhdโ€‹๐’žRโก(X,Y))\displaystyle\hom\left(K,\hom_{h_{d}\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right)\right) =\displaystyle= hom(X,Y)โก(Jโก(K),hdโ€‹๐’ž)\displaystyle\hom_{\left(X,Y\right)}\left(J\left(K\right),h_{d}\mathcal{C}\right)
=\displaystyle= [Jโ€‹(K)dโˆ’1,Jโ€‹(K)d,Jโ€‹(K)d+1;๐’ž](X,Y),\displaystyle\left[J\left(K\right)^{d-1},J\left(K\right)^{d},J\left(K\right)^{d+1};\mathcal{C}\right]_{\left(X,Y\right)},

where subscript (X,Y)\left(X,Y\right) indicates that we take only the subset of maps that restrict to (X,Y)\left(X,Y\right) on โˆ‚ฮ”1โ†ชJโก(K)\partial\Delta^{1}\hookrightarrow J\left(K\right) (observe that this is independent of the representative as โˆ‚ฮ”1โІJโ€‹(K)dโˆ’1\partial\Delta^{1}\subseteq J\left(K\right)^{d-1}). On the other hand,

homโก(K,hdโˆ’1โ€‹hom๐’žRโก(X,Y))\displaystyle\hom\left(K,h_{d-1}\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right)\right) =\displaystyle= [Kdโˆ’2,Kdโˆ’1,Kd;hom๐’žRโก(X,Y)].\displaystyle\left[K^{d-2},K^{d-1},K^{d};\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right)\right].

We will argue that this last set is in natural bijection with the set

[Jโก(Kdโˆ’2),Jโก(Kdโˆ’1),Jโก(Kd),๐’ž](X,Y).\left[J\left(K^{d-2}\right),J\left(K^{d-1}\right),J\left(K^{d}\right),\mathcal{C}\right]_{\left(X,Y\right)}.

First, by definition of the right mapping space we have a natural bijection between maps of the form f:Kdโˆ’1โ†’hom๐’žRโก(X,Y)f\colon K^{d-1}\to\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right) and maps of the form fยฏ:Jโก(Kdโˆ’1)โ†’๐’ž\overline{f}\colon J\left(K^{d-1}\right)\to\mathcal{C} restricting to (X,Y)\left(X,Y\right) on โˆ‚ฮ”1โІJโก(Kdโˆ’1)\partial\Delta^{1}\subseteq J\left(K^{d-1}\right). Second, ff extends to KdK^{d} if and only if fยฏ\overline{f} extends to Jโก(Kd)J\left(K^{d}\right). Likewise, it is clear that two maps f,g:Kdโˆ’1โ†’hom๐’žRโก(X,Y)f,g\colon K^{d-1}\to\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right) agree on Kdโˆ’2K^{d-2} if and only if the corresponding maps fยฏ,gยฏ:Jโก(Kdโˆ’1)โ†’๐’ž\overline{f},\overline{g}\colon J\left(K^{d-1}\right)\to\mathcal{C} agree on Jโก(Kdโˆ’2)J\left(K^{d-2}\right). Hence, the only thing we need to show is that ff and gg are homotopic rel. Kdโˆ’2K^{d-2} if and only if fยฏ\overline{f} and gยฏ\overline{g} are homotopic rel. Jโก(Kdโˆ’2)J\left(K^{d-2}\right) and this follows from (1)โ‡”(3)\left(1\right)\iff\left(3\right) in 2.17. It remains to observe that for every simplicial set KK and every dโ‰ฅ1d\geq 1 we have a canonical isomorphism Jโก(Kdโˆ’1)โ€‹โŸถโˆผโ€‹Jโ€‹(K)d.J\left(K^{d-1}\right)\overset{\sim}{\longrightarrow}J\left(K\right)^{d}. Hence, we get a natural bijection

homโก(K,homhdโ€‹๐’žRโก(X,Y))โ‰ƒhomโก(K,hdโˆ’1โ€‹hom๐’žRโก(X,Y))\hom\left(K,\hom_{h_{d}\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right)\right)\simeq\hom\left(K,h_{d-1}\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right)\right)

and therefore an isomorphism ฮฑ:homhdโ€‹๐’žRโก(X,Y)โ‰ƒhdโˆ’1โ€‹hom๐’žRโก(X,Y)\alpha\colon\hom_{h_{d}\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right)\simeq h_{d-1}\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right).

Finally, we need to show that the isomorphism we have constructed is compatible with the maps ฮธ:hom๐’žRโก(X,Y)โ†’hdโˆ’1โ€‹hom๐’žRโก(X,Y)\theta\colon\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right)\to h_{d-1}\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right) and ฮฒ:hom๐’žRโก(X,Y)โ†’homhdโ€‹๐’žRโก(X,Y)\beta\colon\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right)\to\hom_{h_{d}\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right). For this, consider a map f:Kโ†’hom๐’žRโก(X,Y)f\colon K\to\hom_{\mathcal{C}}^{R}\left(X,Y\right). The composition ฮธโˆ˜f\theta\circ f is represented by the restriction f|Kdโˆ’1f|_{K^{d-1}}, which corresponds to the map f|Kdโˆ’1ยฏ:Jโก(Kdโˆ’1)โ†’๐’ž\overline{f|_{K^{d-1}}}\colon J\left(K^{d-1}\right)\to\mathcal{C}. On the other hand, the composition ฮฒโˆ˜f\beta\circ f corresponds to the restriction of fยฏ:Jโก(K)โ†’๐’ž\overline{f}\colon J\left(K\right)\to\mathcal{C} to Jโ€‹(K)d+1J\left(K\right)^{d+1} and these are identified by ฮฑ\alpha. โˆŽ

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source collection and HTML conversion remain in progress.

Tomer M. Schlank, Lior Yanovski

Original source: arXiv:1902.04061v1

Original source ยท 1902.04061v1