Definition 3.1. Let . An essentially -operad is an -operad
such that for all ,
the multi-mapping space
is -truncated. We denote by the full subcategory
of spanned by essentially -operads.
Proof.For , both assertions are trivial to check and so we assume that .
The argument that is an inner fibration is similar to the argument that is coCartesian and so we shall prove
them together. Using T.2.4.1.4, we need to consider the lifting problem
for some and either
(1)
or
(2)
and is mapped
in to .
For , we have
for all , and so the map
is a bijection and there is nothing to prove. For , we
have , and so the map
is surjective, hence the map
factors through . Now, the functor
identifies only homotopic morphisms
(for ); hence in (2) the image of
in is coCartesian. Thus, in both cases we can solve the
corresponding lifting problem in , which induces a lift
in the original square.
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Remark 3.5. A -operad is intended to bear the same relation to an essentially
-operad as a -category does to an essentially -category; i.e.
it is a strict model for an -operad in which all multi-mapping
spaces are -truncated.
Next, we define the notion of a -homotopy operad of an -operad,
which is analogous to the notion of a -homotopy category of an
-category.
Definition 3.6. Given an -operad , we
define its -homotopy operad to be a
map of simplicial sets
defined as follows:
(1)
For , we simply apply to as a functor between
-categories and use the fact that is a -category;
hence there is a canonical isomorphism .
(2)
For , we first construct the (ordinary) category
whose objects are those of and each mapping
space is replaced by its image in . Then we identify isomorphic
objects in (note that there
is a unique induced composition, since isomorphic objects are mapped
to the same object in ) and finally we define
to be the nerve of the resulting category, with being the obvious
map to .
(3)
For , we define to be the identity functor if and the unique functor otherwise.
In all three cases we have a canonical map of simplicial sets
over .
Warning 3.7. For every -operad and
we have ,
but for we get something slightly different. The reason for this is
that corresponds to the
application of fiber-wise to the map .
Since is a 1-category, for this is the same as
applying to , but for it is not.
Proof.For , there is nothing to prove in (1)โ(3) and so we assume that .
(1) For , it is clear that
is a skeletal -category, with fully faithful; and for ,
it is clear that
is a -category. Hence, we only need to show that
is an -operad. For this we need to check the three conditions
of Definition A.2.1.1.10.
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Since is an -operad,
for every inert morphism
and an object ,
we can lift to
and find a coCartesian lift of in .
For , the image of in
is a coCartesian lift of by 3.3. For ,
we use the dual of T.2.4.4.3 to show that is coCartesian.
is an inner fibration
(as the nerve of a functor of ordinary categories) and for every ,
pre-composition with induces a diagram
and it is easy to verify that it is a homotopy pullback.
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Let
and
and let
be a morphism in . We first observe that
For this follows from 2.13 and
for it follows directly from the definition. Hence,
Note that we use the fact that preserves finite products of spaces.
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For every finite collection of objects
that are lifted to objects of ,
there is an object
and coCartesian morphisms covering .
The images of those maps in are coCartesian
as well and satisfy the analogous property.
(2) From the proof of (1), maps inert morphisms in
to inert morphisms in .
(3) We need to show that maps inert morphisms to inert morphisms.
For , this is automatic. For , let
be an inert morphism in .
There is a coCartesian morphism in
with the same image as in ; hence its image
in is equivalent to .
Since the composition
preserves inert morphisms, it follows that the image of in
is inert and since the image of in
is equivalent to the image of , it is inert as well.
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The following lemma provides the universal property of by analogy with 2.11 for -categories.
Proof.(2) Assume that . By the analogous fact for -categories,
the composition with induces an isomorphism
The simplicial set
is the full subcategory of
spanned by maps of -operads (and similarly for
instead of ). The claim now follows from the fact that
the image of a coCartesian edge in is coCartesian
in and, conversely, every
inert morphism in is up
to equivalence the image of an inert morphism in
(lift the source to some object and choose
any inert map with domain ).
For , essentially the same argument works, only now the inert
maps of are precisely those
whose image in is inert and therefore the inert maps of
are again precisely the
images of inert maps in . For , the
claim is obvious.
(1) Follows from (2) and the Yoneda lemma in the 1-category of -preoperads (see A.2.1.4.2).
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Proof.The map is surjective
on objects and hence is essentially surjective. For ,
the second assertion follows from the corresponding fact for -categories; and for , it follows directly from the definition.
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Theorem 3.12.The inclusion admits
a left adjoint , such that for every -operad the value of on is the -homotopy operad of , the unit transformation is essentially surjective, and for all objects
,
the map of spaces
Proof.Since an -operad is an essentially -operad if and only if it is equivalent to a (strict) -operad, it is enough to prove the strict version.
By definition, the -category is a full subcategory of .
For , the -category is a
-category and, therefore, by T.2.3.4.8, the -category
is a -category as well. Hence, every full subcategory of it is a -category. For , by 3.9
we can assume that is a -operad as well and
therefore both and
are skeletal 1-categories with faithful projection to . Observing
that is a full subcategory
of
and using the faithfulness of the projections to , we see
that the mapping spaces are either empty or singletons. For ,
the claim is obvious.
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