ScalingStacks

Vertn−1\displaystyle\mathrm{Vert}_{n-1} ⟹\displaystyle\Longrightarrow ∩i,n∪i,n−1,\displaystyle\cap_{i,n}\cup_{i,n-1},
∪i,n−1∩i,n\displaystyle\cup_{i,n-1}\cap_{i,n} ⟹\displaystyle\Longrightarrow Vertn,\displaystyle\mathrm{Vert}_{n},
Vertn\displaystyle\mathrm{Vert}_{n} ⟹\displaystyle\Longrightarrow ∪i,n−1∩i,n,\displaystyle\cup_{i,n-1}\cap_{i,n},
∩i,n∪i,n−1\displaystyle\cap_{i,n}\cup_{i,n-1} ⟹\displaystyle\Longrightarrow Vertn−1\displaystyle\mathrm{Vert}_{n-1}

induce grading-preserving bimodule homomorphisms

Hn−1⟶ℱ(∩i,n)⊗Hnℱ(∪i,n−1){1},\displaystyle H^{n-1}\longrightarrow{\mathcal{F}}(\cap_{i,n})\otimes_{H^{n}}{\mathcal{F}}(\cup_{i,n-1})\{1\}, (1)
ℱ(∪i,n−1)⊗Hn−1ℱ(∩i,n){1}⟶Hn,\displaystyle{\mathcal{F}}(\cup_{i,n-1})\otimes_{H^{n-1}}{\mathcal{F}}(\cap_{i,n})\{1\}\longrightarrow H^{n}, (2)
Hn⟶ℱ(∪i,n−1)⊗Hn−1ℱ(∩i,n){−1},\displaystyle H^{n}\longrightarrow{\mathcal{F}}(\cup_{i,n-1})\otimes_{H^{n-1}}{\mathcal{F}}(\cap_{i,n})\{-1\}, (3)
ℱ(∩i,n)⊗Hnℱ(∪i,n−1){−1}⟶Hn−1,\displaystyle{\mathcal{F}}(\cap_{i,n})\otimes_{H^{n}}{\mathcal{F}}(\cup_{i,n-1})\{-1\}\longrightarrow H^{n-1}, (4)

(we used that ℱ(Vertn)≅Hn,ℱ(∪i,n−1∩i,n)≅ℱ(∪i,n−1)⊗Hn−1ℱ(∩i,n),{\mathcal{F}}(\mathrm{Vert}_{n})\cong H^{n},{\mathcal{F}}(\cup_{i,n-1}\cap_{i,n})\cong{\mathcal{F}}(\cup_{i,n-1})\otimes_{H^{n-1}}{\mathcal{F}}(\cap_{i,n}), etc.) Isotopies between compositions of these cobordisms translate into relations between homomorphisms. These relations imply that the functors of tensoring with ℱ(∩i,n){\mathcal{F}}(\cap_{i,n}) and ℱ(∪i,n−1){\mathcal{F}}(\cup_{i,n-1}) are biadjoint, up to grading shifts. Precisely, let F∪F_{\cup} be the functor of tensoring with ℱ(∪i,n−1){\mathcal{F}}(\cup_{i,n-1}) and F∩F_{\cap} the functor of tensoring with ℱ(∩i,n){\mathcal{F}}(\cap_{i,n}) (viewed as functors between categories of HnH^{n} and Hn−1H^{n-1}-modules).

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source collection and HTML conversion remain in progress.

Mikhail Khovanov

Original source: arXiv:math/0207264v1